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Pediatrics > Week 3 Neuromuscular/Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Week 3 Neuromuscular/Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

A nonprogressive motor disorder of the CNS resulting in an alteration in movement and posture

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2
Q

WHat causes cerebral palsy?

A

Trauma, Hemorrhage, anoxia, infection

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3
Q

What are the four types of CP?

A
  • Spastic
  • Athetoid
  • Ataxic
  • Mixed
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4
Q

What is a common sign of CP in infants?

A

Scissor legs

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5
Q

What are some complications of CP, depending on the type and location

A
  • Altered speech
  • Delayed development
  • Seizures
  • Difficulty swallowing, seeing, and/or hearing
  • motor dysfunction
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6
Q

What are some nursing management for children with CP

A
  • Support positive self-image
  • Increase caloric intake
  • Provide a safe environment
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7
Q

What is the “Goal” of CP?

A

Safe care

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8
Q

What are some medications used to treat the symptoms of CP?

A
  • Diazepam
  • Dantrolene
  • Baclofen
  • Botox
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9
Q

What is Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle

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10
Q

MS has a genetic factor and ____ are more commonly affected

A

Males

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11
Q

Most patients with MS die before the age of

A

20

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of death in a patient with MS

A

respiratory failure

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13
Q

What is one “sign” that a child has MS?

A

Gowers sign

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14
Q

What is Gowers sign?

A

When a child gets up using mostly upper body strength

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15
Q

What are some assessments that point to MS?

A
  • Missing milestones after 3 years
  • Gowers sign
  • INcreased weakness
  • Muscle atrophy
  • Scoliosis/Fractures
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16
Q

Most children with MS will be in a ___ by age 12

A

Wheel chair

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17
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

An umbrella term referring to neural tube defects

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18
Q

What is spina bifida occulta?

A

The nerves are not affected, but the spine is missing a column and there is a noticeable dimple in the back

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19
Q

What is Meningocele

A

When the is a malformed section of the spine and the meninges forms a pouch protruding out the back with no nerves present in the pouch

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20
Q

what is Myelomeningocele?

A

When the is a malformed section of the spine and the meninges forms a pouch protruding with spinal nerves present

21
Q

what is encephalocele?

A

the pouch of meninges or meninges and nerves at the top of the head

22
Q

What should the nurse do if a child is born with an unknown spina bifida?

A

cover it with saline soaked gauze

23
Q

How much folic acid should women of child bearing age have each day?

A

0.4mg

24
Q

How do fractures differ in children?

A
  • The heal faster
  • They have different patterns
  • Young athletes are at risk for stress fractures
  • Treated differently because the bones are still growing
25
Q

What are the common childhood fractures?

A
  • Greenstick
  • Buckle
  • Spiral
26
Q

WHat is a greenstick fracture?

A

What the break isn’t complete. Like a green stick

27
Q

How is fracture treatment different in children?

A

They may outgrow the casts so the child will need progressive casting

28
Q

What are the 5 p’s of musculoskeletal injuries?

A
  • Pain
  • Pulselessness
  • Pallor
  • Paresthesis
  • Paralysis
29
Q

What are the 5 main assessments for childhood fractures?

A
  • VS
  • Lung sounds
  • Bowel sounds
  • Neuro checks
  • Full Head to toe
30
Q

What is teaching intervention for parents of children with a fracture or soft tissue injury?

A

RICE

  • Rest
  • Immobilize
  • Cold
  • Elevate
31
Q

What is a spica cast?

A

A cast for the hips

32
Q

What is club foot?

A

When the foot is twisted in a fix abnormal position

33
Q

What are the treatments for club foot?

A

-Casting
-PROM
-Splints
-Surgery
Education

34
Q

What is developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A

What the femoral head and acetabulum are not aligned

35
Q

What are some signs of developmental hip dysplasia?

A
  • Shortened limb
  • Allis sign -skin folds uneven_
  • Barlow sign hip clicking
  • Delayed or altered walking
36
Q

What are the treatments for Developmental hip dysplasia?

A
  • Pavlik harness
  • Spica cast
  • Education
37
Q

What is Osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

fragile bones

Pathologic fractures from connective tissue and bone defects. Low collagen production

38
Q

What are some characteristics of Osteogenesis imperfecta

A
  • multiple frequent fractures
  • Limb/spinal deformities
  • Blue sclera. thin soft skin, easily bruised, weak muscles, short stature and conductive hearing loss by adolescence
39
Q

What are some nursing considerations when caring for a child with Osteogenesis imperfecta

A
  • Safety and prevention of falls is key
  • Don’t hold by ankles
  • May need braces
  • need lots of education and support
40
Q

What are some meds for Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Calcitonin, bisphosphonates, growth hormone

41
Q

What is Legg-Clave-Perthes?

A

Aseptic Necrosis of the femoral head

42
Q

What causes Legg-Clave-Perthes?

A

it is associated with an infection

43
Q

When is Legg-Clave-Perthes most common?

A

2-12 years old

44
Q

What is the main clue that the child may have What is Legg-Clave-Perthes

A

The child has a limp after an infection

45
Q

What are the main interventions for Legg-Clave-Perthes

A
  • Need to keep the femur head in contact with the acetabulum
  • Address pain and inflammation
  • Restore motion
46
Q

What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis?

A

When the upper femoral epiphysis gradually slips from its functional position

47
Q

When is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis most common?

A

During adolescent growth spurts

48
Q

What is the onset of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

A

It can be sudden or gradual

49
Q

What are the interventions for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

A
  • Bedrest
  • Pain
  • Surgery for fixation and/or stabilization

Pediatrics (20 decks)

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