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Pediatrics > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

A congenital heart disease can be either ____ or ____

A

Acyanotic or Cyanotic

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2
Q

What is an Acyanotic heart defect?

A

One that caused increased pulmonary blood flow and causes CHF or causes an obstruction from ventricles to blood flow

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3
Q

What are the 3 main Acyanotic heart defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow

A
  • ASD= atrial septal defect
  • VSD =ventricular septal defect
  • PDA= Patent Ductis atreriosus
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4
Q

What are the 3 main Acyanotic heart defects that cause an obstruction from ventricles to blood flow

A
  • Coarctation of aorta
  • Aortic Stenosis
  • Pulmonic stenosis.
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5
Q

How are Acyanotic heart defects repaired?

A

Using sutures and patches

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6
Q

Most infants are born with a ___ heart defect

A

PDA

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7
Q

A PDA will often correct itself after ___. This closure is caused by ____

A

the infant takes its first breath

-decreased Prostiglandins

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8
Q

If a child has a cyanotic heart defect and also has an open PDA what needs to be done?

A

The PDA needs to be kept open

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9
Q

A cyanotic heart defect is one that can cause ___ or ___

A

Decreased pulmonary blood flow or Mixed blood flow

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10
Q

What are the two cyanotic heart defects that cause Decreased pulmonary blood flow?

A
  • Tetralogy of fallout

- Tricuspid atresia

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11
Q

What are the two types of cyanotic heart defect that cause mixed blood flow?

A
  • Transposition of great arteries

- Truncus arteriosus

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12
Q

What two acyanotic heart defects can close spontaneously?

A

ASD and VSD

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13
Q

What are the four individual aspect fo tetrology of fallot?

A
  • Overriding Aorta
  • Pulmonic Stenosis
  • VSD
  • Right Ventricular hypertrophy
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14
Q

What is one sign that a child with a repaired heart defect has outgrown their repair

A

-intermittent Squatting to rest while being active

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15
Q

What medication is given to close heart defects?

A

indomethosin

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16
Q

What medication is given to keep heart defects open?

A

Prostiglanden

17
Q

What is Kawasaki’s disease?

A

Inflammation of the small and medium arteries, including the coronary arteries

18
Q

Explain the process of Kawasaki’s disease.

A

It is a multi-system vasculitis that occurs in three phases.
The total sick time of this disease is up to 40 days
1. begins with a fever, rahses, strawberry toungs, and swelling of hands and feet
2. The fever lowers, skin peals, loss of appetite, irritable, arthriris
3.DROP in ESR, illness begins to deminish

19
Q

What are the treatments for Kawasaki’s disease?

A

Aspirin the only time for peds

and gamma globulin

20
Q

After Kawasaki’s disease has run its course, what is the next important step?

A

To go to a cardiac followup to assess damage to CV system

21
Q

What is rheumatic fever?

A

Caused by poorly treated strep.

-It is an inflammatory disorder of the connective tissue

22
Q

How does Rheumatic fever present?

A

Pericarditis, myocarditis, alavulitis, polyarthrusus

23
Q

What is one lab test that can indicate rheumatic fever?

A

elevated ESR and must have a positive strep test with elevated antibodies

24
Q

What is the treatment for rheumatic fever?

A
  • Bed rest
  • ABO
  • Anti-inflammatory therapy (ibu or APAP)
25
Q

What followup should follow an instance of rheumatic fever?

A

Cardiac

70% of cases show no residual heart disease

26
Q

How is rheumatic fever graded?

A

the jones criteria

27
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

inflammation of the valves and inner lining of the heart

28
Q

How do you get endocarditis?

A

Organisms enter your blood stream through many different routes. and the infect your heart

29
Q

what are the s/s of endocarditis?

A

new or changed murmur, joint/muscle ache, low grade fever, diaphoresis, weight loss, dysphnea, petechiae, lethargy

30
Q

How is endocarditis treated?

A

Long term perenteral drug therapy and o2

31
Q

Who is at high risk for endocarditis?

A

-Children with heart defects

32
Q

How is endocarditis prevented in high risk children

A

Propholatic ABO therapy prior to invasive procedures

Pediatrics (20 decks)

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