Cardiac Flashcards
A congenital heart disease can be either ____ or ____
Acyanotic or Cyanotic
What is an Acyanotic heart defect?
One that caused increased pulmonary blood flow and causes CHF or causes an obstruction from ventricles to blood flow
What are the 3 main Acyanotic heart defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow
- ASD= atrial septal defect
- VSD =ventricular septal defect
- PDA= Patent Ductis atreriosus
What are the 3 main Acyanotic heart defects that cause an obstruction from ventricles to blood flow
- Coarctation of aorta
- Aortic Stenosis
- Pulmonic stenosis.
How are Acyanotic heart defects repaired?
Using sutures and patches
Most infants are born with a ___ heart defect
PDA
A PDA will often correct itself after ___. This closure is caused by ____
the infant takes its first breath
-decreased Prostiglandins
If a child has a cyanotic heart defect and also has an open PDA what needs to be done?
The PDA needs to be kept open
A cyanotic heart defect is one that can cause ___ or ___
Decreased pulmonary blood flow or Mixed blood flow
What are the two cyanotic heart defects that cause Decreased pulmonary blood flow?
- Tetralogy of fallout
- Tricuspid atresia
What are the two types of cyanotic heart defect that cause mixed blood flow?
- Transposition of great arteries
- Truncus arteriosus
What two acyanotic heart defects can close spontaneously?
ASD and VSD
What are the four individual aspect fo tetrology of fallot?
- Overriding Aorta
- Pulmonic Stenosis
- VSD
- Right Ventricular hypertrophy
What is one sign that a child with a repaired heart defect has outgrown their repair
-intermittent Squatting to rest while being active
What medication is given to close heart defects?
indomethosin
What medication is given to keep heart defects open?
Prostiglanden
What is Kawasaki’s disease?
Inflammation of the small and medium arteries, including the coronary arteries
Explain the process of Kawasaki’s disease.
It is a multi-system vasculitis that occurs in three phases.
The total sick time of this disease is up to 40 days
1. begins with a fever, rahses, strawberry toungs, and swelling of hands and feet
2. The fever lowers, skin peals, loss of appetite, irritable, arthriris
3.DROP in ESR, illness begins to deminish
What are the treatments for Kawasaki’s disease?
Aspirin the only time for peds
and gamma globulin
After Kawasaki’s disease has run its course, what is the next important step?
To go to a cardiac followup to assess damage to CV system
What is rheumatic fever?
Caused by poorly treated strep.
-It is an inflammatory disorder of the connective tissue
How does Rheumatic fever present?
Pericarditis, myocarditis, alavulitis, polyarthrusus
What is one lab test that can indicate rheumatic fever?
elevated ESR and must have a positive strep test with elevated antibodies
What is the treatment for rheumatic fever?
- Bed rest
- ABO
- Anti-inflammatory therapy (ibu or APAP)
What followup should follow an instance of rheumatic fever?
Cardiac
70% of cases show no residual heart disease
How is rheumatic fever graded?
the jones criteria
What is endocarditis?
inflammation of the valves and inner lining of the heart
How do you get endocarditis?
Organisms enter your blood stream through many different routes. and the infect your heart
what are the s/s of endocarditis?
new or changed murmur, joint/muscle ache, low grade fever, diaphoresis, weight loss, dysphnea, petechiae, lethargy
How is endocarditis treated?
Long term perenteral drug therapy and o2
Who is at high risk for endocarditis?
-Children with heart defects
How is endocarditis prevented in high risk children
Propholatic ABO therapy prior to invasive procedures
