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Psychological Assessment > Week 3: NEO-PI > Flashcards

Week 3: NEO-PI Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed the original NEO?

A

Costa and McCrae in 1985

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2
Q

When was the NEO revised to NEO PI and why?

A

1987

To NEO - PI

Included Agreeableness and Conscientiousness based on Jungian and Gough’s folk concepts

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3
Q

When was the NEO PI revised to include the full domains and facet scales (NEO PI-R)

A

1992

with 5 full domains and 6 facet scales for each domain

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4
Q

Personality tests can tell you whether you are a good or bad person.

True or False

A

False

They can only tell you how much of each trait you have.

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5
Q

What is the NEO-FFI

A

A brief version of the test

Just measures 5 domains and not the facet scales

Published in 1989

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6
Q

How are the scores structured for the NEO-PI

A

Raw scores and given a standard score (T score) with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10

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7
Q

What is a major criticism of the standardisation of the NEO-PI

A

It has involved samples which are mainly WEIRD (white, educated, rich)

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8
Q

Who can the NEO PI-R be administered to?

A

People aged btwn 17 - 89 years

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9
Q

Who can the NEO PI-3 be administered to?

A

People aged btwn 12 - 99 years

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10
Q

How is the NEO PI-3 different from the NEO PI-R

A

It has replaced 37 items with statements which are more easily understood

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11
Q

What is the NEO based on?

A

The 5 Factor model of personality

Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

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12
Q

What do the items on the NEO PI-R capture?

A

Typical behaviour patterns
Feelings and opinions
Attitudes - towards self, others and situations

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13
Q

In terms of validity and reliability studies, what is the consensus for the NEO PI-R

A

Studies have shown the test reliability and validity is generally favourable compared with other tests

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14
Q

What was the internal consistency (coefficient alpha) and short-term test-retest reliabilities for the Big 5, NEO-PI-3 and NEO PI-R

A

Excellent

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15
Q

In terms of the facet scales, what has reliability been like?

A

Mixed

Most have good internal consistency but some fall under .70

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16
Q

Which facet scales has the worst reliability score?

A

Openness to Action (.54)

However, it has been found to be generally comparable to psychometrically sound

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17
Q

What is the test-retest reliability ratings for the facet scales

A

Acceptable (.70 - .91)

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18
Q

What is the overall reliability of the Big 5 personality domains and facet scales

A

Adequate / good

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19
Q

Five factors can be replicated reliably for a range of different populations with different genders, cultures, races and ages

True or false?

A

True

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20
Q

What have studies indicated the NEO PI-R is able to predict in terms of outcomes?

A

Dysfunction in relationships and at work

Participation in pleasurable activities

General mental well being, vocational interests

Attachment styles and defence mechanisms

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21
Q

Is the NEO PI-R valid when using with diverse groups

A

There is significant support to reflect the emergence of the same 5 factors across different cultural groups

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22
Q

What do women tend to score higher on when compared with men?

A

Agreeableness

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23
Q

Higher scores for extraversion are tend to be found in which populations?

A

European populations generally have higher scores in extraversion
in comparison to African and Asian populations

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24
Q

What aspect of personality is not accounted for in the 5 factor model for Chinese populations

A

Interpersonal relatedness

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25
Q

What is the 6th trait which forms part of the HEXACO model?

A

Honesty-humility

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26
Q

What does HEXACO stand for?

A

Honesty-humility
Emotionality
eXtraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Openness to experience

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27
Q

What are the key strengths of the NEO-PI

A

Doesn’t focus on pathology, but exteme scores can indicate abormal behaviours

Can be administered on both ‘normal’ and pathologically orientated populations (other measures are limited to pathologically orientated populations)

Can be administered in a range of different settings

Language in scoring and interpretations is relatively accessible to a wide range of users

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28
Q

What are some of the key limitations of the NEO-PI

A

Cannot be used as a standalone measure in clinical settings

Results can be easily faked due to a lack of solid validity scales - something to be aware of in forensic and recruitment contexts

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29
Q

The personality characteristics, including a Big 5 and facet scores are based on a continuum.

What does it mean if a person’s score is further from the mean when compared with average scores for that age group?

A

It means that the traits with scores which are further from the mean are more likely to be distinctive in terms of personality traits for that person

30
Q

What does it mean if the scales all have a normal, bell-shaped distribution in terms of scores?

A

It means that only a few individuals will have extremely high or extremely low scores

31
Q

What can be attained by reviewing five factor scores

A

A general description about a personality

32
Q

What can be attained by reviewed the facet scales?

A

More detailed information about personality

33
Q

If facet scores don’t align with the overall factors, what might this mean?

A

It might highlight a unique feature that that person

34
Q

What are the general rules when assessing validity of a person’s profile (e.g. whether it’s been answered honestly)?

A

The profile is not valid if more than 40 items are missing

If total number of strongly agree/agree statements is less than 51 or more than 149 = proceed with caution

Consider excluding responses which have the same answer in a row, e.g. 9 disagree in a row.

35
Q

What makes up the basis for interpreting the NEO PI-R

A

Individual scales, facet-domain comparisions and paired domain comparisons

36
Q

When is response distortion (faking answers) likely to be an issue?

A

In recruitment contexts it may be an issue

37
Q

What are the 3 self report validity questions included in the test?

A

Has the person been honest

Have they responded to all items

Have they marked responses in appropriate places

38
Q

What raw score on the Inconsistency Scale signals that random responding may be present in test results?

A

A score of 10 and over

39
Q

Negative Presentation Management and Positive Presentation Management highlight what?

A

When someone is trying to present themselves in a particular light.

40
Q

What scores can indicate Negative Presentation Management?

A

15 + in a general setting

11+ in recruitment settings

41
Q

What scores can indicate Positive Presentation Management?

A

25+ in general settings

34+ in recruitment settings

42
Q

Which settings should clinicians be wary of using validity scales when making decisions about invalid test results

A

Clinicians should be wary of using them in clinical settings

43
Q

How many items are on the NEO PI-R and the NEO-PI-3

A

240 items

44
Q

How can the tests be administered

A

Pen and paper

45
Q

What are the two different forms which can be administered

A

Form S (self)
Form R (peer, expert, spouse)

46
Q

How many languages has the test been translated into?

A

More than 50 languages

47
Q

What are ‘styles’?

A

Pairs of domain scores which are used for various purposes

48
Q

The Homebody
Mainstream Consumer
Creative Interacter
Introspector

are all which type of style?

A

Style of interests

Composed of Extraversion and Openness

Reflects what activities the person prefers to engage in

49
Q

Which domains are part of the Style of Interactions

A

Extraversion and Agreeableness

It involves how others treat social interactions with others

50
Q

Upbeat Optimist
Gloomy Pessimist
Overly Emotional
Low Keyed

are from which type of style?

A

Style of Wellbeing

Comprised of Extraversion and Neuroticism

Relates to person’s internal emotional world

51
Q

The Style of Defense is based on which two domains?

A

Openness and Neuroticism

Related to how one reacts to personal difficulties

52
Q

Cold Blooded
The Temperamental
The Timid
Easygoing

are from which type of style?

A

Style of Anger Control

Made up of Neuroticism and Agreeableness

Includes the experience and expression of anger

53
Q

Relaxed
Undercontrolled
Overcontrolled
Directed

are from which type of style?

A

Style of Impulse Control

Made up of Neuroticism and Conscientiousness

Relates to ability to maintain self control

54
Q

Lethargic
Funlover
Go-Getter
Plodder

are from which type of style?

A

Style of Activity

Made up of Extraversion and Conscientiousness

Relates to how individuals approach life and tasks they take on

55
Q

Resolute Believer
Free Thinker
The Progressive
Traditionalist

are from which type of style?

A

Style of Attitude

Made up of Openness and Agreeableness

Relates to person’s values and beliefs and how much they are influenced by others vs. themselves

56
Q

Reluctant Scholar
Dreamer
Good Student
By the Booker

are from which type of style?

A

Style of Learning

Made up of Openness and Conscientiousness

Relates to the type of student/scholar the individual is

57
Q

Undistinguished
Well-Intentioned
Effective Altruist
Self-Promoter

are from which type of style?

A

Style of Character

Made up of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness

Relates to desire and ability to behave in either self-focused or other-focused ways.

58
Q

Fantasy
Feelings
Actions
Ideas
Values

are all facets of which domain?

A

Openness to Experience

59
Q

What is the Openness to Experience domain associated with?

A

Imagination, curiosity, enjoyment of abstract ideas and thinking.

People high in O might be quirky and unusual, open to different experiences and enjoy novelty.

60
Q

Competence
Order
Dutifulness
Achievement striving
Self-discipline
Deliberation

are all facets of which domain?

A

Conscientiousness

61
Q

What is the Conscientiousness domain associated with?

A

High motivation and drive to achieve.

High scorers tend to set and achieve goals through thorough planning and organisation.

May be perfectionists, compulsive and judgemental towards others

62
Q

Warmth
Gregariousness
Assertiveness
Activity
Excitement seeking
Positive emotions

are all facets of which domain?

A

Extraversion

63
Q

What is the Extraversion domain associated with?

A

How sociable and outgoing an person is, and whether they prefer to be around others or are perhaps more introverted.

High scorers tend to enjoy being amongst people, can be aggressive and socially dominant at the extreme end.

Low E may prefer solitude

64
Q

Trust
Straightforwardness
Altruism
Compliance
Modesty
Tendermindedness

are all facets of which domain?

A

Agreeableness

65
Q

What is the Agreeableness domain associated with?

A

How much a person is kind and trusting of others and believes that this behaviour will be reciprocated.

Low A scores reflect a tendency to mistrust others, be competitive and expect conflict in their relationships

66
Q

Anxiety
Angry hostility
Depression
Self consciousness
Impulsivity
Vulnerability

are all facets of which domain?

A

Neuroticism

67
Q

What is the Neuroticism domain associated with?

A

Tendency for emotional stability, turmoil and distress.

Well studied trait that is thought to underpin a range of emotional issues.

68
Q

What is considered a high T score?

A

anything over 55 (T > 55)

69
Q

What is considered a low T score?

A

anything under 45 (T < 45)

70
Q

What is the Neuroticism domain associated with?

A

Tendency for emotional stability, turmoil and distress.

Well-studied trait that is thought to underpin a range of emotional issues.

Psychological Assessment (11 decks)

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