Week 3 (msk) Flashcards
What Cobb’s angle is considered scoliosis?
> 10º
What Cobb’s angle is associated with CV and respiratory problems / death?
> 90º
If someone has mature bones, what angle indicates they do not need scoliosis surgery?
<25º
What does stage 5 on Risser scale mean?
bones are mature
What curve is the surgical threshold for scoliosis?
> 45º
What spinal level controls hip flexion?
L2
What spinal level controls knee extension?
L3
What spinal level controls ankle dorsiflexion?
L4
What spinal level controls extensor hallucis longus?
L5
What spinal level controls ankle plantar flexion?
S1
What spinal level controls bowel and bladder function?
S3 / S4
What spinal level controls the patellar reflex?
L3
What spinal level controls the achilles reflex?
s1
What spinal level controls toe walking? How about heel walking?
Toe walking: S1
Heel walking: L4-L5
Straight leg test
patient lies down and you push their leg up like in gym class stretching
test is positive when there is pain in same distribution as lower radicular nerve roots (L5 or S1)
What is main pharmacological treatment for sciatica?
NSAIDs and maybe oral steroid
What physical exam finding do you check for scaphoid?
snuffbox tenderness
What 2 signs of cauda equina require immediate surgery?
urinary retention and saddle anasthesia
Spondylosis
Degeneration of the spinal column due to osteoarthritis
Spondylolysis
stress fracture through the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebrae
What does a young gymnast with back pain during reptitive extension activities most likely have?
spondyloysis
Spondylolisthesis
displacement of one spinal vertebra compared to another
shopping cart sign! is positive in neuro
in vascular, would probably have diminished pulses too
What are signs of cervical myelopathy?
positive upper and lower neuro signs (Babinski reflex and Hoffman sign)
loss of balance and frequent falls
UTIs in men from urinary retention
loss of hand strength
