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Endocrine / MSK / Repro > Week 3 (msk) > Flashcards

Week 3 (msk) Flashcards

1
Q

What Cobb’s angle is considered scoliosis?

A

> 10º

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2
Q

What Cobb’s angle is associated with CV and respiratory problems / death?

A

> 90º

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3
Q

If someone has mature bones, what angle indicates they do not need scoliosis surgery?

A

<25º

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4
Q

What does stage 5 on Risser scale mean?

A

bones are mature

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5
Q

What curve is the surgical threshold for scoliosis?

A

> 45º

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6
Q

What spinal level controls hip flexion?

A

L2

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7
Q

What spinal level controls knee extension?

A

L3

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8
Q

What spinal level controls ankle dorsiflexion?

A

L4

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9
Q

What spinal level controls extensor hallucis longus?

A

L5

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10
Q

What spinal level controls ankle plantar flexion?

A

S1

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11
Q

What spinal level controls bowel and bladder function?

A

S3 / S4

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12
Q

What spinal level controls the patellar reflex?

A

L3

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13
Q

What spinal level controls the achilles reflex?

A

s1

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14
Q

What spinal level controls toe walking? How about heel walking?

A

Toe walking: S1

Heel walking: L4-L5

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15
Q

Straight leg test

A

patient lies down and you push their leg up like in gym class stretching

test is positive when there is pain in same distribution as lower radicular nerve roots (L5 or S1)

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16
Q

What is main pharmacological treatment for sciatica?

A

NSAIDs and maybe oral steroid

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17
Q

What physical exam finding do you check for scaphoid?

A

snuffbox tenderness

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18
Q

What 2 signs of cauda equina require immediate surgery?

A

urinary retention and saddle anasthesia

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19
Q

Spondylosis

A

Degeneration of the spinal column due to osteoarthritis

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20
Q

Spondylolysis

A

stress fracture through the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebrae

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21
Q

What does a young gymnast with back pain during reptitive extension activities most likely have?

A

spondyloysis

22
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

displacement of one spinal vertebra compared to another

23
Q
A

shopping cart sign! is positive in neuro

in vascular, would probably have diminished pulses too

24
Q

What are signs of cervical myelopathy?

A

positive upper and lower neuro signs (Babinski reflex and Hoffman sign)

loss of balance and frequent falls

UTIs in men from urinary retention

loss of hand strength

25
Q

What patients need surgery quickly?

A

cervical myelopathy

26
Q

Shrinking and more curvature of older patient indicates…

A

vertebral compression fracture due to osteoporesis

27
Q

What is most common fragility fracture?

A

vertebral compression fracture

28
Q

Osteopenia T-score

A

1-2.5

29
Q

Osteoporesis T-score

A

> 2.5 or fragility fracture

30
Q

What is a potential risk of bisphosphonates?

A

atypical femur fracture

31
Q

What type of MRI is fluid bright white?

A

T2 weighted

32
Q

What types of injuries result in ACL tear?

A

noncontact athletic injury like a sudden change in movement

33
Q

How do you test for ACL tear?

A

use Lachman or anterior Drawer test

pull the knee forward

34
Q

What types of injuries result in PCL tear?

A

occurs due to trauma often a car crash where the knee is slammed

35
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

ACL, MCL and meniscus

36
Q

When do meniscus tears normally occur?

A

occur with twisting

37
Q

When do burisitis problems normally occur?

A

prolonged pressure to an area

38
Q

How do you test for meniscal tear?

A

McMurray test with pain or pop is positive

39
Q

Bursitis vs. Baker’s cyst

A

Bursitis is in the front of knee

Baker’s cyst is in the back of knee

40
Q

What nerve is often affected with a distal radial break?

A

median nerve

41
Q

What nerve is affected with a humerus (midshaft) break?

A

radial nerve

42
Q

what nerve is affected with head of humerus break?

A

axillary

43
Q

What does an axillary nerve lesion lead to?

A

deltoid paralysis

44
Q

What does a radial nerve injury lead to?

A

Saturday night palsy and decreased grip strength

45
Q

What does a ulnar nerve injury lead to?

A

claw hand

46
Q

Mneumonic for brachial plexus

A

3 muskateers, 2 were assasinated, 4 men, 5 rats, 2 unicorns

47
Q

Hoffman sign

A

shows cervical trauma

flick middle finger and see if thumb moves

48
Q

Tinel test

A

lightly tap the median nerve to assess for pins and needles sensation

49
Q

Phalen sign

A

diagnoses carpal tunnel syndrome

positive test is feeling pain / tingling in fingers affected by median nerve

50
Q

What nerve is commonly affected in carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve

Endocrine / MSK / Repro (8 decks)

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