Repro Week 1 Flashcards
What do granulosa cells make?
progesterone and estrogen
inhibin
What do theca cells make?
testosterone
What do Leydig cells make?
testosterone (which then gets converted to DHT)
What do Sertoli cells make?
inhibin B
MIF (AMH)
How do male internal organs develop?
through having testosterone from Leydig cells
How do male external organs develop?
through having DHT from testosterone
If you have no internal female organs, what does this indicate?
MIF (from Sertoli cells) is working properly
What do you see in androgen insensitivity syndrome?
female external genitalia
male internal genitalia
Why do you see female external genitalia in androgen insensitivity syndrome?
androgen receptors aren’t working so testosterone builds up and is converted to estrogen
estrogen leads to development of female external genitalia
Why do you not see female internal organs in androgen insensitivity syndrome?
Sertoli cells are working and producing MIF
what does LH do in androgen insensitivity?
increases because body thinks you need more testosterone
leads to large Leydig cells
What is problem in 5a-reductase def?
not converting testosterone to DHT
What do you see in 5a-reductase def? Why?
male internal organs (have sertoli cells)
underdeveloped male external genitalia (no DHT to fully develop them, but testosterone does a little)
Kallman syndrome
failure of neuron migration in hypothalamus
GnRH is not produced (leads to overall low hormones)
How can you test Kallman syndrome?
GnRH stim test should be normal (once you give GnRH things are fine)
Clomiphene should be abnormal (clomiphene drops estrogen levels which should increase GnRH, but here our GnRh neurons are not working)
How do you treat Kallman syndrome?
estrogen and progesterone
What labs do you see in female athlete triad?
decreased FSH and decreased estradiol
what can help with female athlete syndrome?
birth control
What do you see in placental aromatase deficiency?
inability to convert androgens to estrogen
leads to masculinization of female (XX)
increased levels of testosterone in female
What happens to immunity in pregnancy?
you shift towards humeral immunity
What does progesterone do to muscles?
increases cAMP which leads to decreased muscle tone
good to prevent contractions when baby is developing
What are the 3 stages of labor?
1) Dilation of cervix
2) Deliver baby
3) Deliver placenta
What hormone is important immediately postpartum?
oxytocin to stimulate uterine contraction and prevent uterine atrophy / postpartum bleeding
Umbilical veins carry …
oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
