MSK review Flashcards
1
Q
What two tests are for the meniscus?
A
McMurray and Apley
2
Q
What is the key finding in compartment syndrome?
A
pain with passive movement
3
Q
What is an important early step in evaluating a knee dislocation?
A
ABIs to rule out vascular injury
knee dislocation can affect the popliteal artery
4
Q
What two tests are for the biceps?
A
Speed’s test and Yergason test
5
Q
What is a common stem for biceps problems?
A
softball pitcher
6
Q
What test is for subacromial bursitis?
A
Neer sign
7
Q
What is a common inciting event for shoulder dislocation?
A
a fall
8
Q
What is the test for shoulder dislocation?
A
Apprehension test (or relocation)
9
Q
What are two tests for subscapularis?
A
Belly press and liftoff
10
Q
What does a herniated disk cause?
A
radiculopathy –nerve root in spine is compressed or irritated, numbness and pain radiating down extremity
11
Q
What is pars interarticularis a buzz word for?
A
Spondylolysis
12
Q
What is “scotty dog” a buzz word for ?
A
Spondylolysis
13
Q
Patient has wide, wobbly gait and decreased sensation in hand …
A
cervical myelopathy
14
Q
“Pill-rolling” tremor …
A
Parkinson’s
15
Q
What is the point of the menisci?
A
to act as shock absorbers
16
Q
What does the patellar tendon do?
A
extend the knee
17
Q
Benediction sign …
A
Median nerve palsy
17
Q
What does the biceps femoris do?
A
flex the knee
18
Q
What does the median nerve innervate?
A
index and two middle fingers
19
Q
Clawing …
A
ulnar palsy
20
Q
Inability to flex the elbow …
A
musculocutaneous palsy
21
Q
Lack of shoulder flexion …
A
axillary palsy
22
Q
Inability to extend fingers, wrist and thumb …
A
radial nerve palsy
23
Q
What does the drop arm test evaluate?
A
rotator cuff tear
24
What type of tear is associated with a shoulder dislocation?
labreal tear
25
What is a key finding in glenohumeral arthritis?
lack of external rotation (and crepitus)
26
What is affected in medical scapular winging?
long thoracic nerve innervating the serratus anterior
27
What is affected in lateral scapular winging?
dorsal scapular nerve innervating the rhomboid muscle
accessory nerve innervating the trapezius
28
What nerve innervates the pec major?
medial pectoral nerve
29
What nerve is affected by a lower trunk injury?
the ulnar nerve which affects the pinky and ring finger interossei muscles (abduction)
30
Do you normally give steroid injections with trauma?
no!
31
Cubital tunnel syndrome affects ...
the ulnar nerve which leads to numbness in small and ring fingers
32
What are 2 exam findings of cubital tunnel syndrome?
1) positive elbow flexion test
2) Tinel sign at the elbow
33
when are symptoms worse in carpal tunnel syndrome?
worse at night (and with driving)
34
What are 2 tests seen in carpal tunnel syndrome?
a) tinel sign
b) Phalen test
35
What nerve is compressed in Saturday night palsy?
the radial nerve
which leads to wrist and finger drop
36
What does radial tunnel syndrome present with?
vague dorsal forearm pain
37
What nerve innervates the biceps?
musculocutaneous
38
What nerve is injured in carpal tunnel?
median nerve
leads to pain in thumb, index and middle finger (sign of benediction)
39
How would distal biceps rupture present?
loud pop when lifting a heavy object
40
what is affected in tennis elbow (backhand)?
lateral epicondylitis
41
what is affected in golfer's elbow (forehand)?
medial epicondylitis
42
Are ganglion cysts visible on XR?
no
43
What is the most commonly affected portion of the scaphoid with avascular necrosis?
the proximal portion due to retrograde blood flow
44
Boxer's fracture
small metacarpal neck fracture
45
What is a key feature of ganglion cyst?
transilluminates
46
How do lipomas present?
soft and spongy masses
47
Varus test ...
LCL
48
Valgus test ...
MCL
49
What are the 4 main characteristics of osteoarthritis?
1) Joint space narrowing
2) Osteophyte formation
3) Subchondryl cyst
4) Sclerosis
50
When are epidural steroid injections useful?
when there is radiculopathy
51
What Cobb's angle is considered scoliosis?
> 10 º
52
What Cobb's angle is associated with CV and respiratory problems / death?
> 90º
53
L2 controls ...
hip flexion
54
L3 controls ...
knee extension
55
L4 controls ...
ankle dorsiflexion
56
L5 controls ...
extensor hallucis longus
57
S1 controls ...
ankle plantar flexion
58
L3 controls ...
patellar reflex
59
S3 / S4 control ...
bowel and bladder function
60
What spinal level controls toe walking? How about heel walking?
Toe walking: S1
Heel walking: L4-L5
61
What spinal level controls the achilles reflex?
S1
62
Straight leg test
patient lies down and you push their leg up like in gym class stretching
test is positive when there is pain in same distribution as lower radicular nerve roots (L5 or S1)
63
What 2 signs of cauda equina require immediate surgery?
urinary retention and saddle anasthesia
64
Spondylosis
Degeneration of the spinal column due to osteoarthritis
65
Spondylolysis
stress fracture through the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebrae
66
What does a young gymnast with back pain during reptitive extension activities most likely have?
spondyloysis
67
Spondylolisthesis
displacement of one spinal vertebra compared to another
68
What helps you differentiate between neurological claudication and vascular?
shopping cart sign is positive in neuro
69
How do you treat cervical myelopathy?
immediate surgery
70
UTIs in men from urinary retention indicates ...
cervical myelopathy when you also see upper and lower neuro signs (Babinski and Hoffman reflex)
71
When do you see a PCL tear?
occurs often due to trauma when knee slams into the dashboard
72
What is the unhappy triad?
ACL, MCL and meniscus
73
Hoffman sign
shows cervical trauma
flick middle finger and see if thumb moves
74
Name the 3 breaks of the arm and the nerves affected (work high to low)
Head of humerus: axillary
Midshaft: Radial
Distal RADIUS: median nerve
75
What two muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?
quadriceps and sartorius
76
What does obturator nerve innervate?
adductor longus
77
What innervates biceps femoris?
common peroneal nerve
78
What is true when ordering imaging of the hip?
should always order bilateral pelvis films to compare
79
What are the positions of club foot?
Cavus, adductus, varus and equinus
80
Paget disease of bone signs
Slow onset swelling
Arthritic pain in knee
Increased radiodensity
Elevated ALP
81
Perthes disease causes ...
loss of blood to supply the femoral head
82
How does Perthes disease present?
limp and "one leg longer than other" in younger child
83
Transient / toxic synovitis presents as ..
acute pain that improves with NSAID use
84
What cancers (5) are most likely to metastasize to the bone?
breast, kidney, lung, thyroid and prostate
*metastasize through Batson's venous plexus*
85
Nursemaid's elbow
Pulled elbow in young children that affects the annular ligament of the elbow
86
What nerve can be injured in Nursemaid elbow?
radial nerve
87
What is first line testing if you suspect a malignancy?
plain films
88
Supracondyl humerus fractures affect which nerve and artery?
median nerve – more specifically AIN branch!
brachial artery
89
What is breech presentation a risk factor for?
hip dysplasia
90
Maintains existing bone
osteocyte
91
Produces and maintains connective tissue
fibroblast
92
Secrete immunoglobins
plasma cells
93
What is mutated in osteogenesis imperfecta?
collagen type I
94
What does a mutation in Vitamin D hydroxylase cause?
vitamin D-dependent rickets
95
WBC > 200 k, abundant cocci, no crystals
septic arthritis
96
WBC = 3k, no organisms, no crystals
Normal
97
WBC = 12k, no organisms, negative birefringent crystals
gout
98
WBC = 110k, spirochetes, no crystals
lyme
99
Benign bone lesion
round and well-demarcated
100
What is the most common place to see a metastasis from the BONE?
lung
101
Popcorn cancer
Chondrosarcoma
102
Osteochondroma
single outcropping of bone
103
