Week 3 (more)

Question 1

Describe a condensation reaction

Answer 1

Reaction in which a chain joins together releasing h20

Question 2

Where do H bonds usually be found

Answer 2

Between N and H

Question 2

What type of shape does the hydrophobic core of proteins give

Answer 2

globular, spherical

Question 2

What are protein structures held by?

Answer 2

Peptide bonds

Question 3

Describe sequencing

Answer 3

Involves removing AA from NH2 using PITC

Question 3

Name the techniques used to find out a protein structure

Answer 3

Column chromotography, Gel electroheleois, sequencing, X-ray crystallography

Question 4

Describe disulphide bonds

Answer 4

Type of covalent bond, can form between AA

Question 4

Describe primary protein structure

Answer 4

Sequence of AA

Question 5

Tertiary

Answer 5

Shape of protein

Question 5

Quaternary

Answer 5

Interactions between polypeptides, forms multimers

Question 5

Secondary structure

Answer 5

localised org. of backbone

Question 6

What do alpha and beta both have?

Answer 6

peptide bonds

Question 7

Describe a-helix

Answer 7

H bond forms between every 4th AA in the chain

Question 8

Describe b

Answer 8

H bonds form between AA in different chains

Question 9

Name the secondary structure motifs

Answer 9

Helix-looped-helix, zinc-finger, coiled-coil

Question 10

Describe helix-looped-helix

Answer 10

AA bind around ca2+, held by weak interactions

Question 11

Zinc-finger motif

Answer 11

2 b strands + a helix held by interactions with zn2+ ion

Question 12

Describe prosthetic groups

Answer 12

Heme, found in haemoglobin, binds to iron; Retinol, derived from Vit A found in light sensitive proteins

Question 13

Describe conformation changes

Answer 13

Change from one stable folded shape to another, important for protein function

Question 14

Name the medical examples in this topic

Answer 14

Alzheimer’s, Prion disease, bacterial pilli infection

Question 15

How does alzheimer’s occur?

Answer 15

Misfolding of amyloid b proteins

Question 16

How does Prions occur?

Answer 16

Misfolding of PrP protein,

Question 17

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 17

2 sequences of nucleotide, held together by H-H bonds, sub units of nucleotide held by phosphodiester groups

Question 18

Gene expression

Answer 18

The process in which nucleotide sequence is translated

Question 19

Gene

Answer 19

Segment of DNA that contains instructions to make a specific protein

Question 20

Explain how DNA is replicated

Answer 20

At the replication origin between DNA strands, initiator protein break H bonds strands are now exposed for copying; group of proteins are attracted when opened up at DNA rep site; when DNA is being replicated it contains Y shaped junctions called replication forks, moves strands

Question 21

DNA helicase

Answer 21

opens DH

Question 22

Sever combined immuno deficiency

Answer 22

Deficiencies in all immune systems with low lymphocyte counts

Question 23

dna polymerase

Answer 23

enzyme that creates dna molecules by assembling nucleotides

Question 24

pros and cons of a double helix

Answer 24

Pros: Chemically stable, mirror imaging for replication and repair, unwound for transcription

Cons: Can only replicate 5’-3, difficult to fold into the nucleus

Question 25

Transcription

Answer 25

Turning dna to rna

Question 26

New nucleotide can only be added at the

Answer 26

3’ end

Question 27

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 27

20