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GI 2 Exam 1 > Week 3 McGowan CIS Buzzwords > Flashcards

Week 3 McGowan CIS Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

ECG

A

MI

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2
Q

RUQ US

A

cholelithiasis

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3
Q

ERCP

A

choledocolithiasis (dx and tx)

- do INR first to check clotting

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4
Q

right renal US

A

pylonephritis

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5
Q

FOBT

A

colon cancer screen

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6
Q

urine antigen

A

strep pneumo

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7
Q

fecal antigen or urea breath test

A

H. pylori

- MALToma risk factor

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8
Q

subcutaneous emphysema, Hamand’s sign

A

esophageal perforation

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9
Q

Barrett’s esophagus -> ?

A

esophageal adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

stone in cystic duct

A

acute cholecystitis

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11
Q
  • positive murphy sign
  • acoustic shadowing on RUQ US
  • elevated bilirubin, elevated alk phos, leukocytosis
A

acute cholecystitis

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12
Q

what is a complication of acute cholecystitis?

A

gangrenous necrosis

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13
Q

stone in common bile duct

  • proximal involvement?
  • distal involvement?
A

choledocolithiasis

  • proximal: liver and gallbladder
  • distal: liver, gallbladder and pancreas!
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14
Q

INR, ECRP, MRCP

A

choledocolithiasis

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15
Q

what is a complication of choledocolithiasis? what causes it?

A

primary ascending cholangitis

- caused by UC

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16
Q

rovsings sign

A

appendicitis

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17
Q

coffee-ground emesis

A

PUD

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18
Q

courvoisier sign

A

enlarged, NON-tender gallbladder

NOTE: gallbladder is fine, enlarged pancreas pushes gallbladder forward so you can feel it

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19
Q

what are 2 alarm symptoms for gallstones?

A
  • bariatric surgery

- weight loss

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20
Q

leukocytosis, minorly elevated ast/alt

  • elevated total bilirubin
  • elevated ALP
  • elevated lipase (NOT 3x ul of NL)
A

gallbladder issue

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21
Q

Ogilvie syndrome

A

pseudo-obstruction (acute dilation of the colon)

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22
Q

cushing ulcer

A

intracranial pressure -> ulcer

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23
Q

what is Charcott’s triad?

A
  • jaundice
  • fever
  • RUQ pain
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24
Q

what is Raynaud’s pentad?

A
  • jaundice
  • fever
  • RUQ pain
  • altered mental status/confusion
  • hypotension
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25
Q

decreased trypsinogen level

A

pancreatic insufficiency

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26
Q

fasting lipid panel

A

acute pancreatitis -> hyperlipidemia

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27
Q

ammonia level

A

hepatic encephalopathy

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28
Q

immune related bowel disease with ASCA antibodies

A

CD

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29
Q

what is the cause and complication of porcelain gallbladder?

A
  • chronic cholecystitis leads to fibrosis and calcification

- is a risk factor for gallbladder cancer

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30
Q

primary sclerosing cholangitis is a risk factor for what

A

cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)

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31
Q

“beads on a string” finding on Xray, associated with UC

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

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32
Q

HIDA scan with CCK

A

tests for biliary dyskinesia

  • gallbladder should contract with CCK, so all the dye should come out
  • low ejection fraction = obstruction
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33
Q

what would you order plain film Xray for?

A

nephrolithiasis, SBO, porcelain gallbladder

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34
Q

when would you order blood cultures?

A

bacteremia (ascending cholangitis)

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35
Q

ranson criteria

A

acute pancreatitis

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36
Q

ROME IV criteria

A

IBS

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37
Q

Rumack-Matthew nomogram

A

acetaminophen toxicity

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38
Q

HAPS score

A

acute pancreatitis

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39
Q

saponification

A

due to hypocalcemia (acute pancreatitis)

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40
Q

hepatic vein thrombosis

A

Bud-Chiari syndrome

classic triad:

  • abd pain
  • ascites
  • liver enlargement
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41
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

repetitive lip smacking seen with metoclopramide medication (given for gastroparesis)

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42
Q

chloride channel dysfunction

A

CF

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43
Q
  • WBC > 16
  • age > 55
  • glucose > 200
  • AST > 250
  • LDH > 350
A

ranson criteria

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44
Q
  • BUN > 25
  • impaired mental status
  • serous criteria (WBC, tachycardia)
  • age > 60
  • pleural effusion
A

BISAP criteria

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45
Q

IV NS at 250 cc/hr

A

acute pancreatitis -> LOTS of fluids pushed d/t third spacing!

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46
Q

emergent ERCP

A

ascending cholangitis

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47
Q

pantoprazole 40mg/day IV

A

PUD

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48
Q

open cholecystectomy

A

gallbladder cancer (not really done anymore)

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49
Q

SAPE

A

sentinel acute pancreatic event

- initial episode of pancreatitis

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50
Q

TIGER-O mnemonic

A

for chronic pancreatitis

  • toxic/metabolic
  • idiopathic
  • genetic
  • autoimmune
  • recurrent
  • obstructive
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51
Q

parietal cell antibodies

A

autoimmune pancreatitis

52
Q

panacinar emphysema

A

a1-AT def

53
Q

hemoglobin AIC 14%

A

T2DM

54
Q

fasting gastrin

A

ZES

55
Q

herniation of mucosa in Killian’s triangle

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

56
Q

decreased fecal chymotrypsin and fecal elastase

- increased fecal fat

A

chronic pancreatitis

57
Q

IV octreotide

A

for varices, to decrease portal pressure

58
Q

hematemesis with suspected PUD?

A
  1. give IV fluids

2. emergent EGD

59
Q

air in abdominal cavity

A

perforated viscus

60
Q
  • elevated total bilirubin
  • elevated ALP
  • T1DM
  • leukocytosis

dark ring around gallbladder on US

A

emphysematous gallbladder

NOTE: white area around gallbladder would indicated porcelain gallbladder (calcification shows up white, like bone)

61
Q

ARDS

A

complication of acute pancreatitis

- third spacing causes fluid backup in lungs!

62
Q

prolonged PT/INR

A

liver failure, not enough clotting factors

63
Q

strep bovis bacteremia

A

colon cancer

64
Q

CA 19-9

A

pancreatic cancer OR cholangiocarcinoma

65
Q

asterixis

A

hand flapping seen in liver failure

66
Q

enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node

A

Virchow’s node!

- gastric cancer

67
Q

hyper-pigmented macules on lips and buccal mucosa

A

Peutz-Jegher syndrome

68
Q

inability to swallow or control own saliva

A

food impaction (eosinophilic esophagitis)

69
Q

McMurray sign

A

meniscus sign

70
Q

angioectasia

A

common cause of occult blood

71
Q

Dieulafoy lesion

A

submucosal vascular anomaly of the stomach wall that comes and goes intermittently
- large tortuous arteriole that erodes and bleeds

72
Q

fecal DNA testing

A

colon cancer

73
Q

ASCA testing

A

CD

74
Q

therapeutic phlebotomy

A

hemchromatosis (Yersinia)

75
Q

DEXA scan

A

any malabsorptive condition (celiacs, CD)

76
Q

Lynch syndrome

A

YOUNG cancer

  • aka hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
  • associated with endometrial, colon, ovarian, hepatobiliary, urinary tract cancer
77
Q

rectal prolaspe

A 
cystic fibrosis (sometime first sign)
- chloride channel mutation can lead to constipation -> hard to pass stools -> rectal prolapse
78
Q

APC gene mutation

A

FAP

79
Q

CEA

A

colon cancer tumor marker (NOT dx), but can following during treatment

80
Q

abrupt appearance of multiple seborrhoeic keratoses that rapidly increase in size and number

A

sign of lesser trelat

- can indicate colon cancer

81
Q

decreased fecal elastase and chemotrypsin

A

pancreatic insufficiency

82
Q

chronic diarrhea

  • KUB Xray shows calcifications
  • greasy foul smelling stool (steatorrhea)
  • decreased fecal elastase and chemotrypsin
A

porcelain gallbladder -> chronic pancreatitis

83
Q

what vitamin deficiency is associated with pernicious anemia, and various neuropathies (numbness, tingling, weakness)

A

B12

84
Q

papulovesicular rash

A

dermatitis herpetiformis -> celiac!

85
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

IBD

86
Q

edema, joint pain, fever, swollen lymph nodes, heart murmur

- gram positive bacillis with PAS positive macrophages

A

Whipple dz

87
Q

sigmoid dilation of esophagus

A

achalasia

88
Q

grey turner sign

A

acute pancreatitis (retroperitoneal bleed)

89
Q

pANCA positive

A

UC

90
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

FAP

91
Q

widened mediastinum on CXR

A

aortic dissection

92
Q

subcutaneous emphysema

A

Boerhaave’s

93
Q

dilated common bile duct

A

choledocolithiasis

94
Q

smokes 1 pack per day, drinks 3 beers every night
- worsening dysphagia (now includes solids)

most likely dx?
what diagnostic study?

A
  • dx: esophageal SCC

- workup: EGD with biopsy

95
Q

52 y/o obese WM with Barrett’s esophagus, takes omeprazole daily
- worsening dysphagia, weight loss, fatigue

most likely dx?
how is this treated?

A
  • dx: esophageal adenocarcinoma

- tx: EGD with ablation

96
Q
  • painless jaundice
  • new onset T2Dm
  • courvoisier sign
  • male >60
  • drinking/smoking
A

pancreatic cancer

97
Q

elevated AFP and hepatocellular mass?

- hx of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and Hep C

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

98
Q

“beads on a string”

A

primary sclerosis cholangitis

- risk for cholangiocarcinoma

99
Q

polyp >10mm can lead to what?

A

gallbladder cancer

100
Q

intranasal drug use?

A

Hep C

101
Q

GERD -> barretts -> ?

A

adenocarcinoma

102
Q

alcohol abuse

- low WBC, low Hg, low platelet

A

hyper spleen-ism

- suppressed bone marrow

103
Q

HFE gene mutation

A

hemachromatosis d/t Yersinia

104
Q

CFTR gene mutation: CF is risk factor for what cancer?

A

pancreatic cancer

105
Q

stool toxin, watery diarrhea

A

C. diff

106
Q

stool antigen, watery malodorous diarrhea

A

Giardia

  • kite/pear shaped
  • 4 flagella, 2 nuclei
107
Q

blood culture

A

Listeria

108
Q

bloody diarrhea and pharyngitis

- can have RLQ pain that mimics appendicitis

A

Yersinia

109
Q

NGT to suction

A

SBO

110
Q

is a bowel perforation an surgical emergency?

A

yes!

111
Q

occlusion of the hepatic veins

  • hepatomegaly
  • abdominal pain
  • ascites
A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

- contrast-enhanced Doppler US is gold standard

112
Q

liver biopsy

A

nutmeg liver

113
Q

men aged 65-75 that have smoked need to be screened for what?

A

AAA

114
Q

all patients over the age of 18 need to be screened for what, at least once?

A

Hep C, HIV

115
Q

when would a transvaginal US be used in diagnosis?

A

ovarian torsion

116
Q

acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO)

- massive colonic distention without mechanical obstruction

A

Ogilvie’s syndrome

- usually seen in “super sick” ICU patients

117
Q

what is tx of Ogilvie’s syndrome?

A

supportive, with serial Xrays

118
Q

areas of edema and bleeding that resemble thumb prints on Xray?

A

mesenteric ischemia

119
Q

air fluid levels, with dilated loops of small bowel on CT

A

SBO

120
Q

hyperechoic densities in ureter

A

nephrolithiasis

121
Q

radiating pain below right scapula

A

Boas sign

- indicative of cholecystitis

122
Q

what is the tx of diverticulosis?

A

abx, NPO (clear liquids) to give bowels a rest

123
Q

overcrowded swimming pools

A

cryptosporidium

124
Q

Gullian Barre syndrome

A

campylobacter

125
Q

colon perforation is a potential complication

A

C. diff associated TOXIC MEGACOLON

126
Q

human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a risk factor

A

strongyloides

GI 2 Exam 1 (22 decks)

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