Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HES 311: Pathophysiology 2.0 > Week 3 - Infection and Immunity > Flashcards

Week 3 - Infection and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

3 things our immune system is designed to do

A
  1. prevent entry
  2. prevent spread/growth
  3. remove threat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main components of the immune system?

A
  • organs and tissues
  • cells
  • molecules/chemical mediators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a pathogen

A

a microorganism that can cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is pathogenicity

A

the capability of a microorganism to cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an infection?

A

a pathogen has reproduced in the host’s body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are infectious diseases caused?

A

caused by pathogens (microorganisms that invaded; multiply; cause damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacteria

A
  • prokaryotic, single cell organisms, rigid cell wall
  • contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes (in cytoplasm)
  • Can survive and divide outside a living host
  • Named based on shape and characterisitics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Viruses

A
  • small intracellular parasite
  • requires a living host to replicate
  • a protein coat with a core that contains RNA or DNA
  • called virion when it is outside of a host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fungi

A
  • found everywhere in the environment
  • eukaryotic single cells (yeast) or chains of cells (molds)
  • can produce spores that become airborne (inhalation can trigger allergic reaction)
  • only certain fungi are pathogenic (worse for people who are immunocompromised)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protozoa

A
  • parasites (pathogenic protozoa)
  • complex eukaryotic organisms (unicellular, motile)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prions

A
  • don’t contain genetic material
  • infection is transmitted by protein particles (prions) that are able to self-propagate (induces proteins in the brain to misfold -> nonfunctional -> neurodegeneration)
  • systems are neuro-degenerative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Infection - modes of transmission

A
  • direct contact
  • indirect contact
  • droplets
  • aerosol
  • vector-borne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Infection reservoir

A

the source carrying the infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Innate immune response: defense mechanism

A

physical and chemical barriers, inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adaptive immune response: defense mechanism

A

kill the compromised cells (antibody tags the antigen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Innate immune response characteristics

A
  • immune cells are non-specific (what should/shouldn’t be in the body)
  • molecular components are non-specific: chemical mediators involved in an inflammatory response
  • fast, immediate response
  • no memory
17
Q

Adaptive immune response characteristics

A
  • immune cells are specific for each invader
  • molecular components: antibodies and chemical mediators
  • initial response takes a few weeks
  • immunologic memory
18
Q

Leukocytes involved in the adaptive immune response

A
  • natural killer cells
  • antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells)
  • B lymphocytes
  • T lymphocytes
19
Q

B lymphocyte roles in an adaptive immune response

A
  • recognize specific antigens that have invaded the body before
  • secrete antibodies (plasma cells do this)
20
Q

T lymphocyte roles in an adaptive immune response

A
  • recognize the specific antigen presented
  • turn into helper T cells & Cytotoxic T cells
21
Q

Helper T cells role in an adaptive immune response

A

secrete cytokines to help coordinate the immune response

22
Q

Cytotoxic T cells role in an adaptive immune response

A

Kill target cells that present a specific antigen

23
Q

Natural killer cells role in an innate immune response

A
  • target cells infected with viruses and cancer cells
  • trigger apoptosis in these cells
24
Q

Initiation of the adaptive immune response

A
  • dendritic cell phagocytizes a pathogen for the first time
  • breaks up the pathogen into small peptides
  • travels to the lymph node and ‘presents’ an antigen (fragment of the pathogen) to T cells
  • T cells differentiate in specific mature T cell and reproduce
  • antigen-specific B cells develop and reproduce; target specific pathogen and also turn into plasma cells once exposed to antigen; plasma cells secrete antibodies specific to the antigen
  • antibodies attach to the specific pathogen and mark it for destruction
25
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions

A

immune system overreacts to cause damage instead of protection

26
Q

Autoimmune disorders

A

immune system can’t distinguish between certain self- and non-self antigens

27
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

the consequence of a defect in one or more components of the immune system

28
Q

Immunocompromised condition

A

any condition that leaves your body vulnerable to infection because of an issue with the normal functioning of the immune system

29
Q

Primary immunodeficiencies

A

inherited defect in the immune system

30
Q

Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiencies

A

induced as a consequence of disease, treatment, or malnutrition (e.g. HIV)

31
Q

Opportunistic infections

A

more often and more severe

HES 311: Pathophysiology 2.0 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions