Week 1 - Pharmacology Flashcards
What is pharmacology?
the study of medications or chemical compounds that interact with some part of the body, in order to produce a certain effect
What are the 3 names each drug has?
- chemical name
- generic name
- brand/trade name
what is a drug’s ‘dose’?
the precise amount of active ingredient in the medication
Why are drug’s ‘dose’ combined with inactive substances?
- fill out medication
- more convenient to use
- improve effectiveness
Drug effect goal
get the drug from its entry point to target tissue
what are the 3 phases of drug effect?
- pharmaceutical
- pharmacokinetic
- pharmacodynamic
Pharmaceutical phase
drugs are administered through specific routes
pharmaceutical phase specific sub-routes
- enteral
- parenteral
Enteral route
- oral
- sublingual
- rectal
Parenteral route
- injections
- inhalation
- transdermal
Pharmacokinetic phase
the effect of the body on the drug
Pharmacokinetic phase: 4 subphases for drug movement through the body
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- elimination
What is drug bioavailability?
the percent of the drug that makes it into the bloodstream
What factors affect drug absorption?
- administration route
- blood supply
What drug administration route is most effective for absorption?
Intravenous (IV)
What factors in an oral administration route can affect absorption?
- GI contents
- drug coating
- ‘first-pass metabolism’
What factors affect drug distribution in the body?
- concentration absorbed
- blood flow to the tissue
- percent of drug bound to plasma protein
Drug metabolism phase
- primarily in the liver
- determines the half-life of the drug
Where dies drug metabolism primarily take place?
in the liver
- inactivation by enzymes
- preparation for excretion
Drug elimination phase
- primarily in the kidneys
- also via bile, feces, sweat, saliva, respiration
Where does the drug elimination mainly take place?
in the kidneys
Aerobic exercise effects on pharmacokinetics (absorption)
-CO shifts to favor flow to working muscles (away from GI tract)
- increased blood flow to skin (increased absorption rate transdermally)
Aerobic exercise effects on pharmacokinetics (distribution and metabolism)
-CO shifts to favor flow to working muscles (away from GI tract)
- increased blood flow to skin (increased absorption rate transdermally)
Aerobic exercise effects on pharmacokinetics (elimination)
- depends on urinary output and hydration status
- increased elimination rate if via sweat/respiration
