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HES 311: Pathophysiology 2.0 > Week 1 - Pharmacology > Flashcards

Week 1 - Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

the study of medications or chemical compounds that interact with some part of the body, in order to produce a certain effect

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2
Q

What are the 3 names each drug has?

A
  1. chemical name
  2. generic name
  3. brand/trade name
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3
Q

what is a drug’s ‘dose’?

A

the precise amount of active ingredient in the medication

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4
Q

Why are drug’s ‘dose’ combined with inactive substances?

A
  • fill out medication
  • more convenient to use
  • improve effectiveness
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5
Q

Drug effect goal

A

get the drug from its entry point to target tissue

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6
Q

what are the 3 phases of drug effect?

A
  1. pharmaceutical
  2. pharmacokinetic
  3. pharmacodynamic
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7
Q

Pharmaceutical phase

A

drugs are administered through specific routes

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8
Q

pharmaceutical phase specific sub-routes

A
  1. enteral
  2. parenteral
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9
Q

Enteral route

A
  • oral
  • sublingual
  • rectal
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10
Q

Parenteral route

A
  • injections
  • inhalation
  • transdermal
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11
Q

Pharmacokinetic phase

A

the effect of the body on the drug

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12
Q

Pharmacokinetic phase: 4 subphases for drug movement through the body

A
  1. absorption
  2. distribution
  3. metabolism
  4. elimination
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13
Q

What is drug bioavailability?

A

the percent of the drug that makes it into the bloodstream

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14
Q

What factors affect drug absorption?

A
  • administration route
  • blood supply
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15
Q

What drug administration route is most effective for absorption?

A

Intravenous (IV)

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16
Q

What factors in an oral administration route can affect absorption?

A
  • GI contents
  • drug coating
  • ‘first-pass metabolism’
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17
Q

What factors affect drug distribution in the body?

A
  • concentration absorbed
  • blood flow to the tissue
  • percent of drug bound to plasma protein
18
Q

Drug metabolism phase

A
  • primarily in the liver
  • determines the half-life of the drug
19
Q

Where dies drug metabolism primarily take place?

A

in the liver
- inactivation by enzymes
- preparation for excretion

20
Q

Drug elimination phase

A
  • primarily in the kidneys
  • also via bile, feces, sweat, saliva, respiration
21
Q

Where does the drug elimination mainly take place?

A

in the kidneys

22
Q

Aerobic exercise effects on pharmacokinetics (absorption)

A

-CO shifts to favor flow to working muscles (away from GI tract)
- increased blood flow to skin (increased absorption rate transdermally)

23
Q

Aerobic exercise effects on pharmacokinetics (distribution and metabolism)

A

-CO shifts to favor flow to working muscles (away from GI tract)
- increased blood flow to skin (increased absorption rate transdermally)

24
Q

Aerobic exercise effects on pharmacokinetics (elimination)

A
  • depends on urinary output and hydration status
  • increased elimination rate if via sweat/respiration
25
Q

Pharmacodynamic phase

A

the effect of the drug on the body

26
Q

Pharmacodynamic - therapeutic action

A

stimulation or inhibition of function

27
Q

Drug potency

A

the strength of a drug at a particular dose
- reflects binding affinity of a drug for its receptor

28
Q

Drug efficacy

A

the maximum effect that can be achieved by a drug
- reflects the affect of the drug on the receptor once its bound

29
Q

Drug indications

A

the approved uses for which the drug has been proven effective

30
Q

drug off-label uses

A

the uses for which the drug has shown some effectiveness but not its originally approved purpose

31
Q

drug contraindications

A

circumstances under which the drug should not be taken

32
Q

drug side effects

A

the unwanted or unintended actions, usually mild

33
Q

drug adverse effects

A

the more serious side effects

34
Q

Adverse effects - idiosyncratic reaction

A

unusual or opposite response

35
Q

adverse effects - iatrogenic effects

A

due to error or overdose

36
Q

Adverse effects - teratogenic effects

A

harmful to fetus

37
Q

Adverse effects - interactions

A

when combined with another drug/food/etc
- synergistic, antagonistic, potentiating

38
Q

Therapeutic index

A

the ratio between a toxic dose and an effective dose

39
Q

Minimal effective dose

A

amount that will produce the desired effect and minimize potential toxic effect

40
Q

Factors influencing blood levels of a drug

A
  • age
  • genetic factors
  • health status, presence of other diseases, chronic or acute
  • liver and kidney function
  • circulation and cardiovascular function
  • body weight and proportion of fat tissue
  • activity level, exercise
  • food and fluid intake
41
Q

role of an exercise therapist in pharamcology

A
  • be aware of factors that can influence a drug’s response and activity

HES 311: Pathophysiology 2.0 (11 decks)

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