Week 1 - Pathophysiology Intro Flashcards
What is Pathophysiology?
The study of the physiological changes in the body as a result of disease or injury
What is Pathology?
The lab study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease
What is Pathogenesis?
The events involved in the development of a disease
What is Etiology?
The study of the cause(s) of a disease
Idiopathic
the cause of the disease is unknown
Iatrogenic
a treatment/procedure/error caused the disease
Predisposing factors
risk factors/behaviours that promote development of a disease
Prophylaxis
Measures taken to preserve the health/prevent onset or progression of disease
Incubation period
time from exposure to when symptoms present
Subclinical State
When the disease/sickness is in the body but no symptoms have presented themselves
Prodromal period
symptoms are present, but the patho is undetermined.
Sign vs symptom
- sign: objective (fever, increased cholesterol)
- symptom: subjective (pain, fatigue, nausea)
Disease prognosis
the probability for recovery vs other outcomes (based on the average outcomes)
Prevalence
the portion of a population with the sickness/disease overall
Incidence
the number of new cases developed within a certain time period
Non-communicable disease
not spread from person to person
communicable disease
infections that can be spread from person to person
epidemic
higher than normal or expected number of cases of an infection disease within a given area
Pandemic
higher numbers around the world
Endemic
disease that is regularly found among a particular population or in a certain area
Cell atrophy
cell shrinking in size
Cell Hypertrophy
cells growing in size
Cell hyperplasia
cells growing in number/amount
Cell metaplasia
one mature cell type replaced by a different mature cell type
Cell dysplasia
cells vary in size, shape, nuclear size, mitotic rate
Cell neoplasia
uncontrolled/abnormal growth
What are the 2 ways cells die?
- apoptosis
- necrosis
Cell apoptosis
- programmed cell death
- self-destruction by enzymatic digestion
- debris engulfed by phagocytosis
Cell Necrosis
injury or disease leading to cell death
