Week 3: Getting high and getting low exam questions Flashcards
What are the seven suicide risk factors?
- Recent attempt/s
- Recent interpersonal crisis
- Financial / workplace stress
- Hoplessness
- Substance use
- Poor social support
- Poor problem solving
What are the 5 factors to be assessed in assessment of suicide risk?
- frequency of ideation
- intensity of ideation
- intent
- plan
- means
What are the 7 levels on the spectrum of mood from elevated to low?
- manic - grandiose, no insight, high risk behaviours, heavy impairment
- hypomanic - risky behaviours, mild/moderate impairment to functioning
- hyperthymic - elevated mood, no impairment to functioning
- euthymic - normal / middle ground
- hypothymic (mildly depressed, no impairment to functioning)
- moderately depressed - moderate impairment
- severely depressed - very low mood with severe impairment
What are the two broad types of mood disorder?
depressive and manic
What are the two main components of depressive disorder?
sadness, an inability to experience pleasure
In addition to low mood and anhedonia to have a Dx of MDD you must have five of what symptoms?
sleeping too much or too little, changes in appetite, changes in concentration, feelings of hopelessness, low energy
MDD is often episodic – what does this mean?
symptoms tend to recur
What proportion of people with MDD will have at least one more episode?
two thirds
What is persistent depressive disorder?
low mood and at least two other symptoms of depression lasting for more than half the period of a span of two years
What factors make it more likely for ppl to have MDD and PMD
gender, childhood trauma, exposure to mother experiencing depression, low SES
What percentage of people with MDD will have another (often co-morbid) disorder?
60%
What are the three forms of bipolar disorder?
Bipolar Disorder I, Bipolar Disorder 2, Cyclolthymic
What do we need for a Dx of Bipolar I?
What do we need for Dx of Bipolar II?
Dx of Biplolar I? – one single episode of mania. Depression is not a criteria
Dx of Bipolar II? – one major MDD episode and one hypomanic episode. Mania is not required
What are the general symptoms of mania and hypomania?
Mania – Extreme elation/euphoria, irritability, high risk behaviour, feelings of grandiose, heavily impaired functioning
Hypomania – partaking in risky behaviour, mild impairment to functioning
What has the higher heritability BPAD or MDD
BPAD
What is Beck’s negative triad?
a negative view of self, world and future
What is Hopelessness theory?
A persistent outlook that everything in life is awful, nothing good will happen and there is no power to change it
What is rumination theory?
Negative thoughts cause an endless loop
What are the two major predictors for a manic episode?
reward sensitivity and sleep deprivation
What does the DL-PfC do? Discuss activity in MDD and BPAD
involved in working memory, motor planning, organisation and regulation. Activity is diminished in the DL-PfC in both MDD & BPAD
What does the striatum do? Discuss activity in MDD and BPAD
involved in the reward system. Activity in the striatum is lower in MDD and high among those with with BPAD
What does the amygdala do? Discuss activity in MDD and BPAD
assesses how emotionally salient a stimulus is, activity is elevated in both MDD & BPAD
What does the hippocampus do? Discuss activity in MDD and BPAD
The hippocampus is involved in learning and memory. Activity is the hippocampus is diminished in both MDD & BPAD
Psychological strategies to treat MDD?
interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, third wave cognitive therapies
Two psychological strategies to treat BPAD?
psychoeducational approaches, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
What are the 4 classes of medications for MDD
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- tricyclic antidepressants
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
What are the 2 classes of medications for BPAD
- anticonvulsants
- antipsychotics
