week 3: energy metabolism and work Flashcards

1
Q

define metabolism

A
  • all the chemical reactiions that happen in a cell, that help it to function, survuvve and reproduce
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 types of metabolism

A

catabolism:
- energy releasing pathways
- eg. energy from food

anabolism:
- energy using pathways
- eg. the use of energy to create protiens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

can energy be destroyed?

A

no, it is transfromed from one form to antoher without being depleted
- fist law of thermodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 types of biological work

A
  • mechanical eg. lifting weights
  • chemical
  • transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 processes of biological work

A
  • release
  • transfer
  • consumption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define potential energy

A

enrgy stored by a person due to relative position, electrical charge, internal stress
- eg. holding an object in the air
- battery
- stretched spring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define kinetic energy

A

the energy an object has due to motion
- walking
- falling
- throwing a ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

back to metabolism

define a polymer

A

large molecule comprised of monumers
- protiens, dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define a monumer

A

small molecule chemically bonded with other monomers to form a larger polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define a polysaccaride

A

type of polymer
- made of monosaccarides
- primarly found in carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define monosaccaride

A
  • a monomer of sugar
  • the simplist from of a carbohydrate
  • eg. glucose, fructose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the polymer-monumer pairing for polysaccarides

A
  • polymer: polysaccarides
    break down into
  • monomer: monosaccarides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the polymer-monomer pairing for lipids

A
  • polymer: lipids
    break down into
  • monomers: fatty acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

polymer-monomer pairing for protiens

A
  • polymer: protiens
    break down into
  • monomer: amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

polymer-monomer pairing for nucleic acids

A

-polymer: nucleic acids
break down into
-monomer: nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is enzymes role in metabolism

A

enzymes increase the rate of metabolism by decreasing the ativation energy required for a reaction
- enzymes are not consumed in the reactions they catylse

17
Q

how do enzymes do this?

A

lock and key model (catabolic metabolism)
- substrate enters the active site of the enzyme
- the enzymes molds to the form of the substrate to form the subrate enzyme complex
- the substrate seperates into products, this is called the enzymes/product complex
- products leave the enzyme, heat and energy (ATP) are released

18
Q

how does this release energy

A
  • energy is stored within the bonded polymers, when catalysed, these are broken into monomers
  • some E is released as heat and serves body temperature homeostasis
  • another portion is ‘free’ to power biological work
19
Q

state the chemical process for ATP hydrolysis (lock and key model), including the enzyme involved

A

ATP + H20 ——–> ADP+ Pi + E
- enzyme= ATPase

20
Q
  • Describe the structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
  • why is it the energy currency for biological work
A

structure:
- adenosine base
- ribose sugar
- 3 phosphate groups

it is named as energy currency because
- it has high energy bonds that store energy
- can undergo hydrolosis (breaking the bond with water) to release energy
- and can also be replenished

21
Q

State the chemical process of ATP replenishment, including the enzyme involved

A

ADP + Pi + E ——> ATP + H2o

  • enzyme is ATP synthase
22
Q
A