week 3: energy metabolism and work Flashcards
define metabolism
- all the chemical reactiions that happen in a cell, that help it to function, survuvve and reproduce
2 types of metabolism
catabolism:
- energy releasing pathways
- eg. energy from food
anabolism:
- energy using pathways
- eg. the use of energy to create protiens
can energy be destroyed?
no, it is transfromed from one form to antoher without being depleted
- fist law of thermodynamics
3 types of biological work
- mechanical eg. lifting weights
- chemical
- transport
3 processes of biological work
- release
- transfer
- consumption
define potential energy
enrgy stored by a person due to relative position, electrical charge, internal stress
- eg. holding an object in the air
- battery
- stretched spring
define kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to motion
- walking
- falling
- throwing a ball
back to metabolism
define a polymer
large molecule comprised of monumers
- protiens, dna
define a monumer
small molecule chemically bonded with other monomers to form a larger polymer
define a polysaccaride
type of polymer
- made of monosaccarides
- primarly found in carbohydrates
define monosaccaride
- a monomer of sugar
- the simplist from of a carbohydrate
- eg. glucose, fructose
what is the polymer-monumer pairing for polysaccarides
- polymer: polysaccarides
break down into - monomer: monosaccarides
what is the polymer-monomer pairing for lipids
- polymer: lipids
break down into - monomers: fatty acids
polymer-monomer pairing for protiens
- polymer: protiens
break down into - monomer: amino acids
polymer-monomer pairing for nucleic acids
-polymer: nucleic acids
break down into
-monomer: nucleotides
what is enzymes role in metabolism
enzymes increase the rate of metabolism by decreasing the ativation energy required for a reaction
- enzymes are not consumed in the reactions they catylse
how do enzymes do this?
lock and key model (catabolic metabolism)
- substrate enters the active site of the enzyme
- the enzymes molds to the form of the substrate to form the subrate enzyme complex
- the substrate seperates into products, this is called the enzymes/product complex
- products leave the enzyme, heat and energy (ATP) are released
how does this release energy
- energy is stored within the bonded polymers, when catalysed, these are broken into monomers
- some E is released as heat and serves body temperature homeostasis
- another portion is ‘free’ to power biological work
state the chemical process for ATP hydrolysis (lock and key model), including the enzyme involved
ATP + H20 ——–> ADP+ Pi + E
- enzyme= ATPase
- Describe the structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- why is it the energy currency for biological work
structure:
- adenosine base
- ribose sugar
- 3 phosphate groups
it is named as energy currency because
- it has high energy bonds that store energy
- can undergo hydrolosis (breaking the bond with water) to release energy
- and can also be replenished
State the chemical process of ATP replenishment, including the enzyme involved
ADP + Pi + E ——> ATP + H2o
- enzyme is ATP synthase
