week 3: energy metabolism and work

Question 1

define metabolism

Answer 1

• all the chemical reactiions that happen in a cell, that help it to function, survuvve and reproduce

Question 2

2 types of metabolism

Answer 2

catabolism:
- energy releasing pathways
- eg. energy from food

anabolism:
- energy using pathways
- eg. the use of energy to create protiens

Question 3

can energy be destroyed?

Answer 3

no, it is transfromed from one form to antoher without being depleted
- fist law of thermodynamics

Question 4

3 types of biological work

Answer 4

• mechanical eg. lifting weights
• chemical
• transport

Question 5

3 processes of biological work

Answer 5

• release
• transfer
• consumption

Question 6

define potential energy

Answer 6

enrgy stored by a person due to relative position, electrical charge, internal stress
- eg. holding an object in the air
- battery
- stretched spring

Question 7

define kinetic energy

Answer 7

the energy an object has due to motion
- walking
- falling
- throwing a ball

Question 8

back to metabolism

define a polymer

Answer 8

large molecule comprised of monumers
- protiens, dna

Question 9

define a monumer

Answer 9

small molecule chemically bonded with other monomers to form a larger polymer

Question 10

define a polysaccaride

Answer 10

type of polymer
- made of monosaccarides
- primarly found in carbohydrates

Question 11

define monosaccaride

Answer 11

• a monomer of sugar
• the simplist from of a carbohydrate
• eg. glucose, fructose

Question 12

what is the polymer-monumer pairing for polysaccarides

Answer 12

• polymer: polysaccarides
  break down into
• monomer: monosaccarides

Question 13

what is the polymer-monomer pairing for lipids

Answer 13

• polymer: lipids
  break down into
• monomers: fatty acids

Question 14

polymer-monomer pairing for protiens

Answer 14

• polymer: protiens
  break down into
• monomer: amino acids

Question 15

polymer-monomer pairing for nucleic acids

Answer 15

-polymer: nucleic acids
break down into
-monomer: nucleotides

Question 16

what is enzymes role in metabolism

Answer 16

enzymes increase the rate of metabolism by decreasing the ativation energy required for a reaction
- enzymes are not consumed in the reactions they catylse

Question 17

how do enzymes do this?

Answer 17

lock and key model (catabolic metabolism)
- substrate enters the active site of the enzyme
- the enzymes molds to the form of the substrate to form the subrate enzyme complex
- the substrate seperates into products, this is called the enzymes/product complex
- products leave the enzyme, heat and energy (ATP) are released

Question 18

how does this release energy

Answer 18

• energy is stored within the bonded polymers, when catalysed, these are broken into monomers
• some E is released as heat and serves body temperature homeostasis
• another portion is ‘free’ to power biological work

Question 19

state the chemical process for ATP hydrolysis (lock and key model), including the enzyme involved

Answer 19

ATP + H20 ——–> ADP+ Pi + E
- enzyme= ATPase

Question 20

• Describe the structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• why is it the energy currency for biological work

Answer 20

structure:
- adenosine base
- ribose sugar
- 3 phosphate groups

it is named as energy currency because
- it has high energy bonds that store energy
- can undergo hydrolosis (breaking the bond with water) to release energy
- and can also be replenished

Question 21

State the chemical process of ATP replenishment, including the enzyme involved

Answer 21

ADP + Pi + E ——> ATP + H2o

• enzyme is ATP synthase