week 2 mechanotransduction

Question 1

define mechanotransduction

Answer 1

forces that signal for protien regulation and tissue changes

Question 2

how does this realte to physiotherapy

Answer 2

optimise patient outcomes
drive tissue chnages and adaptations

Question 3

describe the 3 phases of mechanotranduction

Answer 3

**mechanocoupling: **
- mechanical trigger catylst
**cell-cell communication **
-communication throughout tissue to distibute the loading message
**effector response **
- precise response at the cellular level to elecit suitbale change
- response is determined by characteristics of mechanical stimmulus
- effector cells upregulate protein synthesis

Question 4

the five key steps involved in Mechanotransduction

Answer 4

• Tissue load
• Stimulates transcription factors
• Stimulates gene expression
• Stimulates protein synthesis
• The synthesised protein reflects the original stimulus

Question 5

what is cell signaling and the 3 different pathways

Answer 5

intercellular clmmunication is ezsential for homeostais, it regulate growth, division and development into tissues

3 pathways
- membrane receptors: mediate cell interaction with external enviroment. located in phospholipid bi-layer (eg. interact with chemical messengers, endocrine signalling)
-** intercellular receptors:** communication between neighbouring cells (eg. used in paracrine signalling)
- **gap junctions: ** specialised regions where cells connect and communicate via small charged particles

Question 6

gap junctions role in mechanotransduction

Answer 6

gap junctions permit mechanotransduction by allowing the direct transfer of ions and electrical signals between adjacent cells

Question 7

chemical messengers role in mechanotransduction

Answer 7

• mechanotransduction involves the activation of chemical messengers in response to mechanical forces
• leading to cellular responses, including changes in gene expression, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling

Question 8

endocrine signalling in mechanotransduction

Answer 8

• type of long distance cell signaling, where hormones slowly travel through the bloodstream
• endocrine signals influence mechanotransduction in target cells

Question 9

parchryine signaling in mechanotransduction

Answer 9

• enables nieghbouring cell communication, in response to mechanical stress
• involves the release of paracrine factors of one cell, binding to receptors of adjacent cell

Question 10

autocrine signalling in mechanotransduction

Answer 10

chemical communincation between target cites on own cell