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Social Psychology > Week 3 - Close Relationships (1) - "Getting closer" > Flashcards

Week 3 - Close Relationships (1) - "Getting closer" Flashcards

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1
Q

Do people’s dating preferences predict who they want to date?

A

No

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2
Q

What did Eastwick and Finkel (2008) find in regard to dating preferences?

A

There was no relationship between what people said they wanted before the event and who they wanted to date after the event

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3
Q

Similar studies since Eastwick & Finkel (2008) have found that?

A

Similar findings

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4
Q

What does the research on dating preferences suggest?

A

Predicting romantic attraction more ‘random’ than we may believe, may feel as though destined to be together, but this seems the results rather than the cease of linking someone

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5
Q

What are the non-verbal signals of romantic interest?

A
  • Smiling
  • Increased eye contact (pupil dilation)
  • Synchrozined gestures and mimicking
  • Touch on face, neck, torso
  • Less distance, oriented towards each other
  • Speech (matching volume and speed of speech, vocal warmth, relaxed speech, laughter)
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6
Q

In America in 2022, what percentage of people were using online dating?

A

30%

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7
Q

In 2022, dating online was particularly common among who?

A
  • Younger adults (18-29) - 53%
  • Non-heterosexual (e.g. gay) - 51%
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8
Q

In 2022 how many people were active in online dating in the UK?

A

10 million

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9
Q

Why can online dating be disappointing?

A

May not feel as attracted to others when finding out who they ‘really’ are, as opposed to who we thought they are (Ramirez et al, 2015)

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10
Q

What is social exchange theory?

A

Rewards and costs determine satisfaction and commitment (whether to stay or leave)

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11
Q

What are the costs in the social exchange theory?

A

Undesirable relationship experiences

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12
Q

Rewards and costs in the social exchange theory can be tangible/ material, what is an example of this?

A

Making dinner, financial assistance

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13
Q

Rewards and costs in the social exchange theory can be intangible/social, what is an example of this?

A

Feeling loved, knowing your partner is dependable, jealousy

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14
Q

In social exchange theory costs are particularly influential, why is this?

A

People pay more attention to costs, remember costs more than rewards

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15
Q

How much greater is the influence costs has in the social exchange theory compared to rewards?

A

5X greater influence

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16
Q

In the investment model what is the three factors that influences commitment?

A

Satisfaction
Investments
Alternatives

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17
Q

What does the feeling of commitment determine?

A

Whether to stay or leave the relationship

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18
Q

A meta-analysis looking at the commitment model found which factor has the biggest influence?

A

Satisfaction

19
Q

What is a pro of having high investment in a relationship?

A

Couples who have invested deeply in their relationship are more likely to be able to navigate through difficult times together

20
Q

What is a con of having high investments in a relationship?

A

Can trap people in unhealthy relationships

21
Q

What factors influence women to return to abusive partners?

A

Women with high investments and poor alternatives

22
Q

Why is commitment important?

A

Commitment helps to protect and maintain relationships

23
Q

What does derogate alternatives mean?

A

Committed individuals rate attractive people as less sexy than single individuals

24
Q

What does accommodate mean?

A

Responding more constructively when dissatisfied in a relationship (e.g biting your tongue in an argument)

25
Q

What are the three things people do when their in a committed relationship

A

Derogate alternatives
Accommodate
Make sacrifices

26
Q

What is attachment?

A

An intimate emotional bond to a particular individual who is seen as providing protection comfort, and support - Bowlby 1969

27
Q

What is the evolutionary function of attachment system?

A

Keep caregivers close to infants

28
Q

What is the attachment theory (John Bowlby)?

A
  • Began by observing infant/ caregivers relationships
  • Attachment system - form bonds with others, become distressed if they are unavailable
29
Q

What is proximity maintenance?

A

Staying near and resisting separations

30
Q

What is a secure base?

A

Using as a base from which to engage in non-attachment behaviour

31
Q

What is a safe haven?

A

Turning to for comfort, support and reassurance

32
Q

What is responsive caregiving essential for?

A

Producing secure attachments

33
Q

In early childhood, we develop beliefs and expectations about what?

A
  • Others: whether they will respond to our needs
  • Self: whether we are worthy of love
34
Q

What do our beliefs in childhood influence?

A

Our thoughts, feelings and behavior in relationships

35
Q

What are the 4 attachment personalities from attachment orientation?

A
  • Secure
  • Anxious-preoccupied
  • Dismissive - Aviodant
  • Fearful - Aviodant
36
Q

What avoidance and anxiety level does someone have if they have a secure personality?

A
  • Low avoidance
  • Low anxiety
37
Q

What avoidance and anxiety level does someone with a dismissive-avoidant personality have?

A
  • Low anxiety
  • High avoidance
38
Q

What avoidance and anxiety level does someone with an anxious-preoccupied personality have?

A
  • Low avoidance
  • High anxiety
39
Q

What avoidance and anxiety level does someone with a fear-avoidant personality have?

A
  • High anxiety
  • High aviodance
40
Q

Describe secure attachment

A
  • Learned that proximity seeking lead to support, protection, and relief of distress
  • Turn to others when distressed
  • Believe distress is manageable
  • More stable and satisfying relationships
41
Q

Describe fearful-avoidant personality

A
  • High anxiety: hypersensitive to potential hurt and rejection
  • High avoidance: withdraws when upset; avoid coping
  • Relatively poor personal and social adjustment
  • Difficulty expressing feeling
42
Q

Describe anxious-preoccupied attachment

A
  • Hypervigilant about loss and rejection
  • When distressed, excessive reliance on others
  • Demanding of closeness, attention and approval
  • Intrusive, demanding, and overly disclosing
  • Hard time getting over break ups
43
Q

Describe fearful-avoidant attachment personality

A
  • High anxiety: hypersensitive to potential hurt and rejection
  • High avoidance: withdraws when upset; avoid coping
  • Relatively poor personal and social adjustment
  • Difficulty expressing feelings

Social Psychology (7 decks)

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