Week 3 Clinical CVS Flashcards
What is the difference between a stroke and a transient ischaemic attack?
Stroke is a nuerological deficit of function lasting >24 hours
TIA is a neurological deficit lasting <24hrs
What are the 4 causes of a stroke?
- Blockage with thrombus or clot
- Disease of vessel wall
- Disturbance of normal properties of blood
- Rupture of vessel wall
Wgat % of strokes are caused by infarction and what % are caused by haemorhage?
85-90% is infarction, 10-15% is haemorrhagic
What is the name for strokes caused by infarction?
Ischaemic stroke
Describe how carotid stenosis can cause a stroke?
- Areas of bifurcation tend to have turbulent flow + atheromas
- if clot forms it can either block tha tarea or embolise to the brain
- If plaque ruptures, tiny pieces of plaque + clotted blood can travel into the brain
What is the most common cause of cardioembolis stroek?
AF
Describe a cardioembolic stroke
Clot forms in the L atrial appendage
Clot breaks off + heads into aorta and cerebral vessels which leads to occlusion
What is the name for a small vessel stroke?
Lacunar stroke
What are lacunar strokes associated with?
HT, thickening of smaller vessels
Name a rare cause of stroke?
Carotid dissection
What is the greatest risk factor for streok?
Hypertension
Is a hemorrhagic stroke more likely to occur in large or small vessles in the brain?
Small vessels
What effect does amyloidosis have on vessels?
Vessels become almost glass like, easily fractured
What % of hemorrhagic strokes are caused by HT? and what % are caused by amyloid?
60-70% for HR
15-20% for amyloid
What type of stroke (hemorrhagic vs ischaemic) is associated with a much higher rate of mortality early after stroke?
Hemorrhagic stroke
