Respiratory Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

List the 4 functions of the respiratory system

A
  • Gas exchange
  • Acid base balance
  • Protection from infection
  • Communication (via speech)
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2
Q

Describe what is meant by the ‘pulmonary circulation’

A

Circulation between your heart and lungs. It picks up oxygen from the lungs and brings CO2 to the lungs

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3
Q

Describe what is meant by ‘systemic circulation’

A

Circulation which goes to all areas of the body. It delivers oxygen to the peripheral tissue and collects CO2 from the peripheral tissue

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4
Q

Describe ‘cellular respiration’

A

A biochemical process which releases energy from glucose. This process requires oxygen and is dependant on external respiration

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5
Q

Describe ‘external respiration’

A

The movement of gasses between the air and the body’s cells via both systems

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6
Q

does the pulmonary artery contain oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

Deoxygenated

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7
Q

Does the pulmonary vein contain oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

Oxygenated

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8
Q

What is the normal respiration rate?

A

12-18 breaths per min at rest. Can go up to 40-45 at max

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9
Q

Describe, in a steady state, the net volume of gas exchanged in the lungs per min

A
  • 250ml/min of Oxygen

- 200ml/min of CO2

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10
Q

Describe the 3 gas exchanges in the respiratory system

A

Exchange 1: between atmosphere and lung
Exchange 2: Between lung and blood
The gas is then transported within the blood
Exchange 3: Between blood and cells

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11
Q

What comprises the Upper respiratory tract?

A

Nose
Pharynx
Epilogottis
Larynx

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12
Q

What comprises the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea
Bronchus
Lung

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13
Q

Describe the Pharynx

A
  • Its the throat
  • Common conduit shared with the digestive system
  • Splits at level of larynx - either respiratory system or oesophagus
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14
Q

Describe the Epilogottis

A
  • Small flap of tissue
  • folds over the trachea
  • prevents food from entering when you swallow
  • Located between larynx + Pharynx
  • Open most of the time, closes when you swallow
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15
Q

Describe the larynx

A
  • Vocal chords which vibrate to produce sound
  • sits ontop of the trachea
  • Only part of the upper respiratory tract that is not shared with the digestive system
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16
Q

Describe the trachea

A
  • Main airway
  • Travel from larynx and breaks off at the sternal angle
  • Underneath sternal angle trachea splits into 2 bronchi
17
Q

Describe the gross structure of the bronchus

A

Starts with 2 primary bronchi

  • splits 24x after this
  • This forms lung tissue
  • End in sacks called alveoli
18
Q

How many lobes are on the right side of the lung? and what are their names?

A

3 lobes:

  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior
19
Q

How many fissures are on the right side of the lung and what are they called?

A

2 fissures:

  • Horizontal
  • Inferior
20
Q

How many lobes are on the left side of the lung and what are their names?

A

2 lobes:

  • Superior
  • Inferior
21
Q

How many fissures are on the left side of the lung and what are their names?

A

1 fissure:

-Oblique

22
Q

How many secondary bronchi are on the left and right side of the lung?

A
  • 2 primary bronchi on left

- 3 primary bronchi on right

23
Q

Describe the meaning of patency in terms of the respiratory system

A

Maintaining an airway that is clear and that gas may move unimpeded

24
Q

What do bronchioles not contain which differentiates them from the trachea?

A

Cartilaginous rings

25
Q

How is patency within the bronchioles contained?

A

By physical forces within the thorax

26
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

Within the alveoli

27
Q

Define ‘dead space’

A

A volume of air located within the respiratory system which cannot participate within gas exchange

28
Q

Where is the greatest resistance within the respiratory system?

A

Within upper airway and trachea

29
Q

Describe the relationship between the diameter of the airway and the resistance

A
  • Contraction decreases diameter = increase resistance

- Relaxation Increase diameter = decreases resistance

30
Q

What do bronchiole airways contain which allow them to contract/relax

A

Bronchiole smooth muscle

31
Q

Gas exchange occurs between what blood vessel and what respiratory structure?

A

Capillaries and alveoli

32
Q

What are alveoli covered in and what is its effect?

A

Elastic fibres which allow for expansion and deflation

33
Q

Explain as to why respiration is passive

A

As elastic fibres within the alveoli stop contracting which causes the alveoli to deflate which causes expiration using no energy

34
Q

What are the two types of alveolar cells?

A

Type 1

Type 2

35
Q

Describe type 1 alveolar cells

A
  • Involved in gas exchange
  • Capillaries line the top as to reduce diffusion distance for gas
  • Elastic fibres never sit between type 1 alveolar cells and capillaries
36
Q

Describe type 2 alveolar cells

A
  • responsible for surfactant

- Not involved in gas exchange