Week 3 - Causal reasoning Flashcards
What is the priority principle in Hume’s causality theory?
The cause must precede the effect in time
Define Covariation Principle
When one event causes another, the two events must covary
hat does the Temporal Contiguity Principle state?
The cause and effect must occur close together in time
How does similarity play a role in causality according to Hume?
Similar causes produce similar effects
What is Hypothesis Testing?
It’s a method used in scientific reasoning to test if a hypothesis is true or false.
What is the key aspect of falsifying information?
To avoid confirmation bias
What is Creative Reasoning?
It involves thinking of many possible uses for an object or solving a problem in an innovative way.
What is the purpose of the “Move Four Matches to Make Three Squares” puzzle?
To measure creative reasoning
What are the two types of reasoning discussed?
Inductive Reasoning and Deductive Reasoning
What is Inductive Reasoning?
Deriving general principles from specific observations.
Define Deductive Reasoning.
Applying general principles to draw specific conclusions
What does the term ‘Analogy’ mean in reasoning?
Drawing comparisons to highlight similarities between different things.
What are False Analogies?
Analogies that incorrectly compare dissimilar things.
What is a Syllogism?
A form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions (premises).
How does early causality understanding develop in children?
Children begin to understand cause and effect relationships through observation and interaction.
