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4014PM -Fundamental A&P > Week 3-Cardio Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 3-Cardio Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes do the left and right lungs have?

A

Left - 2 Superior and Inferior
Right - 3 Superior, Middle, and Inferior lobes

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2
Q

Name all four major heart valves

A

Aortic Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Tricuspid Valve

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3
Q

Where is the Aortic Valve located?

A

Between the LV and the Aorta

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4
Q

Where is the Bicuspid Valve located?

A

Between the LA and the LV

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5
Q

Where is the Pulmonary Valve located?

A

Between the RV and the pulmonary artery

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6
Q

Where is the Tricuspid Valve located?

A

Between the RA and the RV

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7
Q

What is the Systole Phase?

A

The contraction of the heart muscle that pumps blood out

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8
Q

What is the Diastole Phase?

A

The relaxation of the heart muscle that allows the heart to refill with blood

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9
Q

Which side of the heart moves Oxygenated Blood?

A

Left

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10
Q

Which side of the heart moves Deoxygenated Blood?

A

Right

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11
Q

What is the formula for Cardiac Output?

A

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

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12
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

The volume of blood ejected from 1 ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary artery each minute.

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13
Q

Explain Frank-Starling Law of the Heart

A

An increased preload of blood causes the cardiac muscle cells to contract with more force and produce a higher stroke volume.

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14
Q

What is the formula for stroke volume?

A

End-diastolic volume (EDV) minus end-systolic volume (ESV)

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15
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood ejected from 1 ventricle with each beat

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16
Q

What is the primary electrode placement on 3 Lead ECG

A

Right arm - Red
Left arm – Yellow
Left leg– Green
Right leg – Black

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17
Q

Name the ten questions in the Ten-Step Tool

A
  1. What is the rate?
  2. What is the rhythm?
  3. Are there P waves present?
  4. Is there a T wave present?
  5. Is there a QRS complex after every P wave?
  6. Is there a P wave before every QRS complex?
  7. Is the ST segment isoelectric?
  8. What is the PR interval?
  9. What is the duration of the QRS complex?
  10. What is the duration of the Q-T interval?
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18
Q

What is the clinical name for the standard rhythm of a healthy heart?

A

Normal Sinus Rhythm

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19
Q

What is the standard HR for a Normal Sinus Rhythm?

A

60-100 bpm

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20
Q

Which wave precedes QRS complex?

A

P Wave

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21
Q

What is the standard time for PR Interval for Normal Sinus Rhythm?

A

0.12s - 0.20s

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22
Q

What is the standard time for QT Interval for Normal Sinus Rhythm?

A

0.35s to 0.43s

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23
Q

What does the ST Segment connect?

A

QRS complex to T wave

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24
Q

What is the standard time for QRS Complex for Normal Sinus Rhythm?

A

0.12s

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25
Q

What time does each small square on an ECG represent?

A

0.04s

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26
Q

What time does each big square on an ECG represent?

A

0.2s

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27
Q

How to calculate HR on a ECG?

A

Count the large squares between each R-R interval.
Divide 300 by the number of large
squares between both R
E.g. HR = 300 / 4 = 75 bpm.

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28
Q

The clinical term for HR < 60bpm

A

Sinus Bradycardia

29
Q

The clinical term for HR >100bpm

A

Sinus Tachycardia

30
Q

What is the standard time for PR Interval for Sinus Bradycardia?

A

0.12s to 0.2s

31
Q

What is the standard time for QRS Complex for Sinus Bradycardia?

A

0.12s

32
Q

Are P waves present in Sinus Bradycardia?

A

Yes

33
Q

Is the ST segment isoelectric in Sinus Bradycardia?

A

Yes

34
Q

What is the standard time for QT Interval for Sinus Bradycardia?

A

0.35s to 0.43s

35
Q

Are T waves present in Sinus Bradycardia?

A

Yes

36
Q

Are T waves present in Sinus Tachycardia?

A

Yes

37
Q

Are P waves present in Sinus Tachycardia?

A

Yes

38
Q

What is the standard time for PR Interval for Sinus Tachycardia?

A

0.12s to 0.2s

39
Q

What is the standard time for QRS Complex for Sinus Tachycardia?

A

0.12s

40
Q

Are P waves present in Sinus Tachycardia?

A

Yes

41
Q

Is the ST segment isoelectric in Sinus Tachycardia?

A

Yes

42
Q

What is the standard time for QT Interval for Sinus Tachycardia?

A

0.35s to 0.43s

43
Q

Are P Waves present in Ventricular Fibrillation ?

A

No

44
Q

Is QRS complex regular in Ventricular Fibrillation?

A

No

45
Q

What is Ventricular Fibrillation?

A

Abnormal heart rhythm in which the ventricles of the heart quiver and ineffectively pump blood

46
Q

Are T Waves present in Ventricular Fibrillation?

A

No

47
Q

There is an isoelectric line in Ventricular Fibrillation
True or False?

A

False

48
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

Depolarisation of ventricles

49
Q

What does P Wave represent?

A

Depolarisation of the atria

50
Q

What does T wave represent?

A

Repolarisation of the ventricles

51
Q

What is the difference between VT and VF?

A

VF - The ventricles contract in an uncoordinated manner
VT - The ventricles contract in a rapid coordination

52
Q

Is QRS complex regular in Ventricular Tachycardia?

A

Yes

53
Q

What is the standard time for QRS Complex for Ventricular Tachycardia?

A

> 0.12s

54
Q

Are there P waves in VT?

A

No

55
Q

What is the standard time for P Waves in Asystole?

A

No P waves

56
Q

What is the standard time for QRS Complex in Asystole?

A

No QRS

57
Q

What is the standard time for T Waves in Asystole?

A

No T Waves

58
Q

What three distinct layers do Arteries and veins have?

A

◦ Tunica Interna
◦ Tunica Media
◦ Tunica External

59
Q

3 Main Layers of the Heart

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

60
Q

Layer, Composition and Function of Epicardium

A

Outer
Mesothelial and connective Tissue
Reduce friction

61
Q

Layer, Composition and Function of Myocardium

A

Middle
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Contraction

62
Q

Layer, Composition and Function of Endocardium

A

Inner
Endothelium
Lines the inside of the heart valves and large Blood vessels

63
Q

Is Sinus Bradycardia a shockable rhythm?

A

No

64
Q

Is Sinus Tachycardia a shockable rhythm?

A

no

65
Q

Is Ventricular Tachycardia a Shockable Rhythm?

A

Yes

66
Q

Is Ventricular Fibrillation a Shockable Rhythm?

A

Yes

67
Q

Is Asystole a Shockable Rhythm?

A

No

68
Q

Is PEA a Shockable Rhythm?

A

No

4014PM -Fundamental A&P (7 decks)

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