Week 3 (B) : POLICING AND ETHNIC MINORITIES 2: Explaining police-BAME relationships Flashcards
3 Forms of racial discrimination
Direct discrimination (Equality Act 2010)
Indirect discrimination (Equality Act 2010)
Institutional discrimination
According to the Equality Act 2010, what is direct discrimination in the context of policing, and how does it relate to the ‘bad apple theory ?
Direct discrimination, as defined by the Equality Act 2010, occurs when a police officer treats members of a particular group disadvantageously purely because they belong to that group.
The ‘bad apple theory’ – problems caused by racist individuals in the police
How does indirect discrimination, as outlined in the Equality Act 2010, manifest in policing practices, and what is an example of this?
Indirect discrimination, under the Equality Act 2010, occurs when policing rules that apply equally to everyone put BAME people at a disadvantage in practice, with no adequate justification.
An example of indirect discrimination could be rules such as height restrictions or uniform requirements that, in practice, consistently disadvantage individuals from BAME backgrounds.
According to the MacPherson Report (1999), what is institutional discrimination in the context of policing, and how does it manifest?
Institutional discrimination, as per the MacPherson Report (1999), refers to the collective failure of an organization, such as the police, to provide an appropriate and professional service to people due to their color, culture, or ethnic origin.
It can be seen in processes, attitudes, and behavior that unintentionally result in discrimination through prejudices, ignorance, thoughtlessness, and racist stereotyping, ultimately disadvantaging minority ethnic groups.
Explanation A1: Individual prejudice and direct racial discrimination?
what does the evidence show
“The evidence points to racial discrimination being a significant reason why black and Asian people are more likely to be stopped and searched than white people”
How do internal police policies and structures contribute to perpetuating or failing to challenge biased attitudes within the police organization, as highlighted in sources like the Casey Review?
Internal police policies and structures perpetuate/fail to challenge biased attitudes within the police organisation (e.g. Casey Review)
How does the ‘strike rate’ of arrests from stops vary for black individuals, as per Ministry of Justice statistics, and what potential bias in police discretion does it reflect?
The ‘strike rate’ of arrests from stops is higher for black individuals.
This may suggest biased use of police discretion, where efforts might be greater to find reasons to arrest black suspects.
Why are ethnic minority individuals more likely to be subjected to adversarial policing, according to Explanation C on structural and demographic factors?
Ethnic minority individuals are statistically more likely to fall into social groups and geographical areas targeted by adversarial policing.
