Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd Year Anatomy > Week 3 - Anatomy of Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Week 3 - Anatomy of Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What are some motor functions of the female reproductive system?

A

Uterine contraction, uterine cramping, pelvic floor muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of nerve fibres are responsible for motor control to the uterus e.g. contracting and cramping? This is under the influence of what?

A

Autonomics (sympathetic/parasympathetic), under hormonal control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of nerve fibres are responsible for contraction of muscles of the pelvic floor?

A

Somatic motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of nerve fibres are responsible for sensation from the adnexae (ovaries and Fallopian tubes)?

A

Visceral afferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of nerve fibres are responsible for sensation from the uterus?

A

Visceral afferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of nerve fibres are responsible for sensation from the pelvic part of the vagina?

A

Visceral afferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of nerve fibres are responsible for sensation from the perineal part of the vagina?

A

Somatic sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of nerve fibres are responsible for sensation from the perineum?

A

Somatic sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What structure is responsible for dividing the pelvis and perineum?

A

Levator ani muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the a) motor supply and b) sensory supply to a structure in the pelvis (i.e. body cavity)?

A

a) Autonomics b) Visceral afferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the a) motor supply and b) sensory supply to a structure in the perineum (i.e. body wall)?

A

a) Somatic motor b) Somatic sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The visceral afferents which supply the superior aspect of organs of the pelvis (which are touching the peritoneum) travel alongside which other nerve fibres?

A

Sympathetics (along periarterial plexuses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The visceral afferents which supply the superior aspect of the organs of the pelvis (which are touching the peritoneum) travel alongside sympathetic fibres to enter the spinal cord at which level?

A

Between T11 and L2 (thoracolumbar outflow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pain from the superior aspect of pelvic organs which are touching the peritoneum is perceived where?

A

Suprapubic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The visceral afferents which supply the inferior aspect of organs of the pelvis (which are not touching the peritoneum) travel alongside which other nerve fibres?

A

Parasympathetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The visceral afferents which supply the inferior aspect of the organs of the pelvis (which are not touching the peritoneum) travel alongside parasympathetic fibres to enter the spinal cord at which level?

A

S2, 3, 4 (craniosacral outflow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pain from the inferior aspect of pelvic organs which are not touching the peritoneum is perceived where?

A

S2, 3, 4 dermatomes (posterior thigh and saddle area of perineum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe how pain is sensed in the pelvic part of structures which pass through from pelvis to perineum (i.e. above levator ani)?

A

Same as for the inferior aspect of pelvic organs - visceral afferents which travel to the spinal cord with parasympathetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe how pain is sensed in the perineal part of structures which pass through from pelvis to perineum (i.e. below levator ani)?

A

Somatic sensory via the pudendal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The somatic sensory fibres which supply the structures below the levator ani enter the spinal cord at which level?

A

S2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pain from structures below the levator ani, sensed by the pudendal nerve, is localised where?

A

Within the perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Both parasympathetics (and the visceral afferents that run along them) and somatic sensory fibres both travel to S2, 3, 4. Do they travel along the same path?

A

No, they follow different paths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the structures which are supplied by visceral afferents that travel back to T11-L2 in the spinal cord with sympathetics?

A

Uterus, ovaries and uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the structures which are supplied by visceral afferents that travel back to S2-S4 in the spinal cord with parasympathetics?

A

Cervix and superior vagina

25
Q

What are the structures which are supplied by somatic sensation via the pudendal nerve?

A

Organs/structures within the perineum - inferior vagina, perineal muscle, glands and skin

26
Q

What are the two important spinal cord levels in the female reproductive system?

A

T11-L2 and S2-S4

27
Q

Where does sympathetic outflow originate?

A

Autonomic centres in the brain

28
Q

Where does sympathetic outflow leave the spinal cord?

A

T1-L2

29
Q

What happens to sympathetic fibres once they leave the spinal cord?

A

Travel to sympathetic chains which run the entire length of the vertebral column, and synapse and pass into all spinal nerves (anterior and posterior rami)

30
Q

What type of nerve fibres does the pudendal nerve carry?

A

Somatic sensory and motor and sympathetic

31
Q

What is the pudendal nerve a branch of? What are its nerve roots?

A

A branch of the sacral plexus, S2, 3, 4

32
Q

Describe the course of the pudendal nerve?

A

Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, passes posterior to the sacrospinous ligament before re-entering the pelvis/perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen. It then travels in the pudendal canal (a passageway within obturator fascia)

33
Q

The pudendal nerve travels alongside which other structures in the pudendal canal?

A

Internal pudendal artery and vein, and nerve to obturator internus

34
Q

What does the pudendal nerve branch into?

A

Superficial and deep perineal nerves

35
Q

What does the superficial perineal nerve supply?

A

External genitalia

36
Q

What does the deep perineal nerve supply?

A

Muscles of the perineum

37
Q

What are some procedures that a pudendal nerve block may be useful for?

A

Episiotomy incision, forceps delivery, perineal stitching post-delivery

38
Q

During labour, the branches of the pudendal nerve can be stretched and fibres within which muscles can be torn?

A

Levator ani (puborectalis especially) and/or external anal sphincter

39
Q

What can be the result of tearing muscle fibres in the levator ani/external anal sphincter?

A

Both of the muscles can be weakened which can lead to a weakened pelvic floor/faecal incontinenece

40
Q

What happens in an episiotomy?

A

A posterolateral incision is made into the fat filled ischioanal fossa

41
Q

Why is it preferred to make a posterolateral episiotomy incision rather than a median one?

A

It avoids the incision extending into the rectum and disrupting the anal sphincter/perineal body

42
Q

How is a spinal anaesthetic administered?

A

Lumbar puncture

43
Q

Where is anaesthetised in a spinal anaesthetic?

A

From the waist down - intra and sub peritoneal, plus somatic area innervated by the pudendal nerve

44
Q

Which anaesthetic causes women to be unable to feel contractions?

A

Spinal

45
Q

Where is anaesthetised in a caudal epidural anaesthetic?

A

Sub-peritoneal area and somatic area innervated by the pudendal nerve

46
Q

Where is anaesthetised by a pudendal nerve block?

A

The area innervated by the pudendal nerve only (i.e. the perineum)

47
Q

Where does the spinal cord become the cauda equina?

A

L2

48
Q

Where does the subarachnoid space end?

A

S2

49
Q

Where is spinal/epidural anaesthetic administered?

A

L3/4

50
Q

Which layers do you need to pass through to administer a spinal anaesthetic?

A

Supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid mater, SUBARACHNOID SPACE

51
Q

Once a spinal anaesthetic has been administered, how should the patient be positioned?

A

At an incline to make sure the anaesthesia stays inferiorly

52
Q

If a patient lies down following a spinal anaesthetic, what symptom can this cause?

A

Headache due to raised ICP

53
Q

What layers do you need to pass through to administer an epidural?

A

Supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, EPIDURAL SPACE

54
Q

What is found in the epidural space?

A

Fat and veins

55
Q

Because all spinal nerves contain sympathetics, performing a spinal anaesthetic will have what impact on the lower limb?

A

Vasodilation - flushed skin, warm limbs, reduced sweating

56
Q

Because all spinal nerves contain sympathetics, you should be aware of what sign when performing a spinal anaesthetic?

A

Hypotension

57
Q

The pudendal nerve crosses what aspect of the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Lateral

58
Q

What structures can be used as a landmark to administer a pudendal nerve block?

A

Ischial spines

3rd Year Anatomy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions