Histology Flashcards
OVARIES
What are the two main functions of the ovaries?
Production of gametes (oogenesis)
Production of steroids (oestrogens and progesterones)
OVARIES
What is contained in the medulla of the ovary?
What is contained in the cortex of the ovary?
What is the outer shell of the cortex known as?
This outer shell is covered by the germinal epithelium - what does this consist of?
Connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics
Follicles within connective tissue
Tunica albuginea
Single layer of cuboidal cells
OVARIES
What is oogenesis?
What is folliculogenesis?
What does the follicle consist of?
Development of oocytes (from oogonia)
Development of the follicle
The oocyte and support cells
OVARIES
What are oogonia?
When are oogonia formed?
How are they formed?
In the late foetal period, oogonia go on to form oocytes, how?
Immature female reproductive cells
Week 6 of development
Germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis
Division via meiosis
OVARIES
Before birth, meiosis begins in the ovaries, but halts at what phase?
The number of germ cells present in both ovaries peaks when?
Loss of oogonia and oocytes is by an apoptosis based process termed what?
Prophase I
7 months (in utero)
Atresia
FOLLICULOGENESIS
Primordial follicles can be found where?
What are these made up of?
The pregranulosa cells at this stage are what type?
In the foetal ovaries
The primary oocyte, and the follicle (pregranulosa) cells
Squamous
FOLLICULOGENESIS
Primary follicles are defined by which type of granulosa cells?
What structure do these granulosa cells make up?
Once the oocyte has enlarged in the primary follicle, what begins to form between the oocyte and granulosa cells?
Cuboidal
The zona granulosa
The zona pellucida
FOLLICULOGENESIS
With further development in the primary follicle, the granulosa cell layer proliferates to form what two layers?
As the follicle enlarges, what begins to form?
This leads to the formation of what type of follicle?
Theca interna and externa
A space called the antrum, filled with follicular fluid
Secondary follicle
FOLLICULOGENESIS
A secondary follicle develops into what, the largest type of antral follicle?
One day before ovulation, the oocyte in the largest of the above folluclles will complete what stage of meiosis?
What will this produce?
A mature Graafian follicl
Meiosis 1 (i.e. first division)
The secondary oocyte, and a polar body which carries the second nucleus away to degenerate
FOLLICULOGENESIS
Following its formation, the secondary oocyte begins which phase of meiosis?
At what phase of meiosis will it stop?
It will only complete meiosis (i.e. secondary division) to become a fully mature oocyte after what has happened?
It begins the second division stage of meiosis
Metaphase II
After it has been released (ovulation) and fertilised by a sperm
FOLLICULOGENESIS
After ovulation, the follicle transforms into what?
At this point, the theca and granulosa cells are secreting what, and why?
If implantation occurs, the placenta then secretes what to prevent degeneration of this structure?
If no implantation occurs, what does the follicle then become?
Corpus luteum
Oestrogen and progesterone, to help prepare the uterus for implantation
Beta hCG
Corpus albicans
FALLOPIAN TUBES
In which part of the uterine tubes is the mucosa highly folded and lined by simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells, surrounded by smooth muscle?
In which part of the uterine tubes is there epithelium which is much simpler, with only a few ciliated cells?
Ampulla
Isthmus
FALLOPIAN TUBES
If implantation occurs, which part of the uterine tube moves so that it can catch the ovum when it ruptures out of the follicle?
Fertilisation usually occurs where?
It is transported to where for implantation?
Infundibulum
Ampulla
The uterine body
UTERUS
The uterine wall is made up of an inner secretory mucosa known as what?
This is divided further into two parts - what are they are what are their functions?
The endometrium
Stratum Functionalis - undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss
Stratum Basalis - a reserve, which regulates the functionalis
UTERUS
On the outside of the endometrium there is a coat of 3 layers of smooth muscle combined with collagen and elastic tissue. This is known as what?
On the outside of the previous structure, there is an outer visceral covering of loose connective tissye covered by mesothelium. This is known as what?
Myometrium
Perimetrium
