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3rd Year Anatomy > Week 1 - The Bony Pelvis > Flashcards

Week 1 - The Bony Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What does the bony pelvis consist of?

A

2 innominate bones, sacrum and coccyx

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2
Q

The pelvic girdle (bony ring) does not include which part of the bony pelvis?

A

Coccyx

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3
Q

Each innominate bone is a fusion between what other bones?

A

Ilium, ischium and pubis

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4
Q

The two sides of the bony pelvis connect where:

a) anteriorly?
b) posteriorly?

A

a) Pubic symphysis

b) Sacro-iliac joints

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5
Q

Which bone is this describing - ‘the flattened, superior, fan-shaped part of the hip bone’?

A

Ilium

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6
Q

Where does the iliac crest pass from?

A

ASIS to PSIS

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7
Q

The iliac fossa is an attachment for which muscle?

A

Iliacus

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8
Q

What sits in the left iliac fossa?

A

Sigmoid colon

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9
Q

What are the two parts of the ischium?

A

Body and ramus

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10
Q

The body of the ischium forms the posterior part of what structure?

A

Acetabulum

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11
Q

The ramus of the ischium forms the posterior part of what structure?

A

The inferior obturator foramen

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12
Q

The ischiopubic ramus is located where in relation to the ischial ramus?

A

Medial

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13
Q

What part of the ischium do we sit on?

A

The ischial tuberosity

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14
Q

Which group of muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity?

A

Hamstrings

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15
Q

The pubis is an angulated bone, which is formed of the superior pubic ramus that forms the anterior part of which structure?

A

Acetabulum

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16
Q

The inferior pubic ramus forms the inferior border of what structure?

A

Obturator foramen

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17
Q

The pubic tubercle is the attachment for which ligament?

A

Inguinal ligament

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18
Q

The two pubis bones are connected where?

A

Pubic symphysis

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19
Q

Which bone of the pelvis is most different between males and females?

A

Pubis

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20
Q

What is the different in the pubic arch in males and females?

A

This has a wider angle and flares out more in females than males

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21
Q

What are the 3 joints of the pelvis?

A

Hip joint, sacroiliac and pubic symphysis

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22
Q

What is the stability and movement of the sacroiliac joints?

A

Small amount of movement but overall are very stable

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23
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Cartilagenous

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24
Q

Why does the pubic symphysis need to have more mobility than the sacroiliac joints?

A

To allow it to expand during pregnancy

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25
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Synovial ball and socket

26
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament attach between?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

27
Q

Which structures of the pelvis are palpable on vaginal examination, at approx 4 and 8 o clock positions?

A

Ischial spines

28
Q

Why are the ischial spines clinically relevant?

A

For administering a pudendal nerve block, and assessing how far through the pelvis a foetal head is

29
Q

The iliac crests are at what spinal level?

A

L4

30
Q

What is the role of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

A

To ensure that the inferior part of the sacrum is not pushed superiorly when weight is suddenly transferred through the vertical column

31
Q

What happens to the ligaments of the pelvis in pregnancy?

A

Hormones are released which cause them to relax to allow for the foetus to grow

32
Q

The presence of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments forms what other structures?

A

Greater and lesser sciatic foraminae

33
Q

Structures which pass through the sciatic foraminae are heading towards where?

A

Perineum or lower limb

34
Q

What structures form the pelvic inlet?

A

Sacral promontory, ilium, superior pubic ramus and pubic symphysis

35
Q

What is the sacral promontory?

A

S1 vertebral body

36
Q

What structures form the pelvic outlet?

A

Pubic symphysis, ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments and coccyx

37
Q

Above the pelvic inlet there is an area known as the ‘false pelvis’ - this is part of what cavity?

A

Abdominal cavity

38
Q

What is the main difference between the structures forming the pelvic inlet and outlet?

A

Inlet is completely bony while the outlet is formed of bones and ligaments

39
Q

Where does the pelvic cavity lie within?

A

The bony pelvis

40
Q

The pelvic cavity lies between which two structures?

A

Pelvic inlet and pelvic floor

41
Q

What muscle forms the inferior parts of the pelvic cavity, and is also known as the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

42
Q

What is found below the pelvic cavity?

A

Perineum

43
Q

In terms of mechanics, how do fractures tend to occur in the pelvis?

A

They are usually multiple, or combined with a joint dislocation

44
Q

Trauma to the bony pelvis can result in what?

A

Life threatening haemorrhage +/- damage to the pelvic organs

45
Q

Disruption to any vasculature in the pelvis will cause what?

A

Internal bleeding

46
Q

What is the difference in the diameters of the pelvis in males vs. females?

A

All diameters of the pelvis are larger in the female

47
Q

What is the difference in the pelvic cavities between males and females?

A

Shallower in females (i.e. less distance between inlet and outlet)

48
Q

What is ‘moulding’?

A

The bones of the baby’s skull moving over each other to allow the foetal head to pass through the pelvis in labour

49
Q

The presence of what in a baby’s skull allow moulding?

A

Fontanelles and sutures

50
Q

What is the following a sign of:

a) bulging fontanelles?
b) depressed fontanelles?

A

a) Raised ICP

b) Malnutrition

51
Q

How long does it take for each type of fontanelle to close?

A

Posterior takes around 3-6 months while anterior takes 9-18 months

52
Q

What is the vertex?

A

An area of the foetal skull which is outlined by the anterior and posterior fontanelles and the parietal eminences

53
Q

Which diameter of the foetal skull is the largest?

A

Occipitofrontal

54
Q

Which diameter of the pelvis is largest at the pelvic inlet? As a result of this, how should the foetus ideally enter the pelvic cavity?

A

Transverse - ideally facing either to the right or left (transverse) direction

55
Q

While descending through the pelvic cavity, what should happen to the foetal head?

A

Rotate, and be in a flexed position

56
Q

Which diameter of the pelvis is largest at the pelvic outlet? As a result of this, how should the foetus ideally leave the pelvic cavity?

A

AP diameter - ideally in an occipitoanterior (OA) position

57
Q

During the delivery, should the foetal head be extended or flexed?

A

Extended

58
Q

What movement of the baby needs to occur once the head has been delivered?

A

Further rotation to allow one shoulder out and then another

59
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament attach between?

A

Ischial spines and sacrum

60
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament attach between?

A

Ischial tuberosities and sacrum

61
Q

What is the difference in the shape of the pelvic outlet in males and females?

A

Males = more heart shaped, females = more oval shaped

62
Q

What is the difference in the sacral promontory between males and females?

A

More anterior in males

3rd Year Anatomy (21 decks)

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