Week 3 Flashcards
What age group commonly requires further caution when administering drugs
- Pregnant and breast feeding
- Young and elder
- Any age with chronic health issues
Which pharmacokinetic elements change during pregnancy
-Metabolic rates
Which period of pregnancy is considered at highest risk for teratogenic exposure/consequence
-Embryonic period: week 3-8
Which FDA category of drug poses the lowest risk when consumed by a pregnant woman
-Cat A
Teratogen
-Substance, organism, or physical agent to which a fetus is exposed that causes permanent abnormality, retardation, or death
Prego periods
- Pre-implantation period: weeks 1-2
- Embryonic period: weeks 3-8
- Fetal period: weeks 9-40
How are medication doses commonly calculated
by weight in kg/mg
Where is a consistent area to inject medications in the pediatric population
vastus Lateralis in the thigh
Which age group is known for polypharmacy
older adults
Describe some important nursing teaching interventions for the older adult group
Make sure they understand how to take their medications
What are 2 types of immune modulators?
Stimulator
Suppressor
Give an example of a medication that provides active immunity
Vaccinations
Which vaccine type deserves “extra” caution when administering
Live vaccines
What are 2 types of biologically developed cytokines
Interferons, Interleukins
Why are immunosuppressants given
To suppress the immune system so that it doesn’t attack a foreign substance (organ transplant)
When taking Cyclosporine what specific nursing advice should be given
Avoid drinking grapefruit juice
What is inflammation
Non-specific defense with a goal of containing injury or destroying invading pathogen
Name 2 classes of anti-inflammatory drugs
NSAIDs
Glucocorticoids
What is the common mechanism of action for these drugs
Prevent prostaglandins (pain messages)
What is the FDA black box warning for IBU
Contraindicated in use for treatment of preoperative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft surgery due to potential for stroke or MI
Prednisone should only be taken for a short term duration, why
With long term use it has a lot of side effects. The adrenal gland stops producing glucocorticoid and requires taper
Which NSAID can cause Reye’s syndrome in the pediatric population
Aspirin
Is Tylenol considered an NSAID
No, Tylenol is used to treat fever and pain not inflammation
Name 1 cause for bacterial mutation
- Not taking the medication as directed
- Taking it for the wrong disease or infection
- Partial tx
- Nosocomial infections
Which class of drugs has the highest allergenicity
Penicillins
Which class of drugs is commonly associated with ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides
Why are patients often non-compliant with tx of TB
With TB there aren’t many symptoms if it is latent so but with the medication it can have serious side effects so patients would rather go without the side effects
