ATI section 7: Medications for the Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Antacids
- Aluminum hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide (MOM), sodium bicarbonate
-Therapeutic use:
Peptic Ulcer Disease
GERD
-Nursing Interventions and Client Education
Do not administer to clients who have GI perforation or obstruction
Other meds should be taken 1 hr before or after
Require repeated doses up to 7x
Aluminum hydroxide
Side/Adverse effects
- Constipation
- Hypophasphatemia
Magneium hydroxide (MOM) Side/Adverse effects
- Diarrhea
- Renal Impairment
- Hypermagnesemia
Sodium Bicarb
Side/Adverse effects
-Constipation
Antisecretory/Blocking Agents
Therapeutic effect:
- Gastric and peptic ulcers
- GERD
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Proton Pump Inhibitors
-Suffix: prazole
Precautions/Interactions:
- Omeprazole promotes increased risk of infection and Digoxin levels may be increased
- Long-term therapy has increased risk of gastric cancer and osteoporosis
Side/Adverse effects:
-Can increase the risk of fractures, pneumonia, and acid rebound
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
-Do not crush, chew, or break
Histamine2 receptor antagonists
-Suffix: tidine
Precautions/Interactions:
- May cause toxicity for clients taking phenytoin, warfarin, theophylline, and lidocaine
- Cimetidine increased risk for infection
Side/Adverse effects:
- Decreased libido/impotence
- Lethargy, depression, confusion
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
- Rantidine can be taken with or without food
- Modify diet as prescribed
Mucosal Protectants
-Surcralfate
Therapeutic Use:
- Gastric and duodenal ulcers
- GERD
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
- Administer on an empty stomach at least 1 hr before meals
- Do not administer within 30 min of antacids
Antiemetics
-Promethazine (Phenergan), Metoclopramide (Reglan), Ondansetron (Zofran), Scopolamine
Therapeutic Use:
- Postoperative
- Chemo
- N/V associated with the disease process
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Side/Adverse effects
Nursing Interventions
Side/Adverse effects:
- Drowsiness
- Anticholinergic effects
- EPSs
- Proentiates effects when given narcotics
Nursing Interventions:
- Monitor vitals
- IM large muscle
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Side/Adverse effects
Nursing Interventions
Side/Adverse effects:
- Drowsiness
- Anticholinergic effects
- Restlessness
- EPS
- Tardive dyskinesia
Nursing Intervention:
- Instruct client about rapid GI emptying
- Discontinue with signs of EPSs
Ondanstetron (Zofran)
Side/Adverse effects
Nursing Interventions
Side/Adverse effects:
- Headache
- EPSs
Nursing Intervention:
–Administer 30 min prior to chemo and 1-2 hr before radiation
Scopolamine
Side/Adverse effects
Nursing Interventions
Side/Adverse effects:
- Blurred vision
- Sedation
- Anticholinergic effects
Nursing Interventions:
- Do not use with angle-closure glaucoma
- Apply transdermal patches behind ear
- Use lubricating eye drops
Antidiarrheals
-Diphenoxylate plus atropine (Lomotil), Loperamide (Imodium)
Precautions/Interventions:
- Increased risk of mega colon for clients who have IBS
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
- Monitor F&E
- Avoid caffeine intake
Stool Softeners/Laxatives
-Psyllium (Metamucil), Docusate sodium (Colace), Biscodyl (Dulcolax), Magnesium hydroxide (MOM)
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
- Contraindicated with fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, and acute surgical abdomen
- Encourage exercise
- Monitor for chronic laxative use/abuse
- Provide adequate fluid intake
Psyllium (Metamucil)
Therapeutic use
Decrease diarrhea (bulk forming)
Docusate sodium (Colace) Therapeutic use
Relieve constipation (surfactant)
Biscodyl (Dulcolax)
Therapeutic use
Preprocedure colon evacuation (stimulant)
Magnesium hydroxide (MOM) Therapeutic use
- Prevent painful elimination (low-dose osmoid)
- Promote rapid evacuation (high-dose osmoid)
