Week 3-4: Introduction to disciplines and history Flashcards
the 2 disciplines and histories under the social science
anthropology and economics
comes from two ancient Greek words: anthrōpos meaning “human being” or “human kind”) and logos meaning “study”). Together it literally translates as “study of the human being or human kind. It is the study of humans; the social science that seeks to understand human origins and adaptation, and the diversity of cultures and worldviews.
anthropology
combines a natural science–biology–and information gathered from the social sciences to uncover the relationships between biological traits and traits acquired socially, i.e., by living in groups.
anthropology
the two disciplines of anthropology are divided into two:
physical anthropology and cultural anthropology
concerned principally with human biological origins and the variations in the human species,
physical anthropology
traditionally dealt with the study and comparative analysis of preliterate societies.
cultural anthropology
considered the father of modern anthropology.
Franz Boas
one of the proponents of what is called a proto-anthropology, or the prelude to modern anthropology as we know today.
Herodotus of Halicarnassus
according to Eriksen and Nielsen, the question Herodotus asked paved the way for the development of anthropology as we know it today:
How should we treat Others? Are they the same as us?
comes from the Greek ( oikonomika meaning “science of the household”). It is a social science that deals with the optimum allocation of scarce resources among its alternatives to satisfy the unlimited human wants and needs of the people
economics
study of the household
economics
is the lack of proper resources for the needs of a person or a group of people
scarce or scarcity
author of the golden body of laws
Fan Li
author of Oeconomicus
xenophon
author of the replbic
platos
author of the politics
aristotle
the father of modern economics and the titular founder of the economic system of Capitalism.
Adam Smith
the author of An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith
a natural science concerned with the planet we inhabit, that is, the land, bodies of water, mountains, valleys, types of vegetation, and animal habitats
geography
is considered the father of geography and he is known as the first person to actually use the term.
Eratosthenes
The oldest known world maps date back to ancient Babylon from the ____
9th century BC
The best known Babylonian world map and one of the most notable proponents of the study of geography, and is still recognized today as an intellectual treasure.
the Imago Mundi of 600 BC
a social science is geared more to learning about the development of society, and how society has evolved through different social systems that have influenced a number of key factors such as the well-being of society, and how it interacts with the external world and other communities.
history
why is history crucial ?
because all of the other social sciences are under it
considered to be the “father of history.”
Herodotus of Halicarnassus
who was the first to call herodotus the father of history ?
cicero
Who wrote the famous work The Histories?
Herodotus of Halicarnassus
comes from the Greek word geōgraphia meaning “earth writing”). It is a mixture of two Greek words gē meaning “earth” and graphia meaning “writing.” It is the study of the earth’s surface; a specialized investigation of the physical structure of the earth, including its terrain and its climates, and the nature and character of its contrasting inhabited portions.
geography
can be derived from two Greek terms: histōr meaning “learned or wise man,” and histōria meaning “finding out.” It is a study of the past, one that describes/narrates and analyzes human activities in the past and the changes that these had undergone
history
latin word for language
lingua
Linguistics can be broken down into several parts such as
phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
social science’s core themes:
society and human behavior
a social science looks on the effect of language within society, and how language plays a key role in affecting the structure of human behavior.
linguistics
how did plato regard language ?
as the path to reality
Notable figures in linguistics includes:
Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky
considered as the father of modern linguistics
Noam Chomsky
“affairs or concerns of the cities”
politics
The discipline and concepts that are included in political science:
the state, politics, power, and ideology.
his social science concerns itself with how society is governed, ruled, and managed by a prevalent body of different forms.
political science
an important part of political science which tries to uncover patterns of behavior among the nations of the world.
international relations
political science as a discipline found its roots in where?
ancient greek philosophy
notable works of political science include:
The Republic by Plato, The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli, Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes and The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
comes from the Latin word lingua which means “language.” It is the scientific study of human language. It studies the nature of communication, and how the use of language can be studied scientifically and with a fixed method.
linguistics
Political Science –comes from the Greek word (politika meaning “affairs of the cities”). The root word of politika is (polis meaning “city”). It is the systematic study of politics. This means that this social science concerns itself with how society is governed, ruled, and managed by a prevalent body of different forms
political science
branch of psychology that relies heavily on social study is what is known as
social psychology
considered to be the father of modern psychology.
Wilhelm Wundt
the discipline of psychology is divided into different branches:
as structuralism, psychoanalysis, behavioral psychology and many others
means “study of companions”
sociology
which work served as the inspiration to study society more
Saint-Simon’s work Physiologie sociale
two prominent figures that are considered to be the proponents of Classical Sociology and, ultimately, modern sociology today.
Henri de Saint-Simon and Auguste Comte.
a book n 1813 spoke of the need for scientists to focus on the living conditions of society.
Saint-Simon’s work Physiologie sociale
regarded as the father of modern sociology.
Auguste Comte
“writing of the people”
demography
relies heavily on knowledge drawn from statistics
demography
one of the earliest works of modern demography can be seen in
Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality(1662) by John Graunt
considered to be the father of modern demography, for his proponent idea of the “life table” that can be found in his work that served as the initial step for the demographers of today
John Graunt
comes from two Greek words: (demos meaning “people”) (graphia meaning “writing”). It is the study of populations, including increases and decreases in size, composition, age grouping, and future trends.
demography
comes from two Greek words: psyche meaning “mind” or “spirit”) logos meaning “study”). Together these words mean “study of the mind or spirit.” This is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This commonly known social science deals specifically with human behavior, one of the key definitions and concerns of a social science.
psychology
comes from the Latin word socius meaning “companion” with the Greek word which means “study” or “word.” Together the two words form the phrase: “study of (a) companion/s. It is the systematic study of society itself.
sociology
