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Virology > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Permissive Cell?

A

A cell where a virus can replicate

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2
Q

What is a Non-Permissive Cell?

A

A cell who lacks a factor or factors needed for a virus to replicate within that cell

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3
Q

You can examine the virus tiger by measuring…

A

PFU/mL of intracellular visions and extracellular virions

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4
Q

What are the 4 phases of the Once-Step Growth Curve?

A
  • Adsorption
  • Eclipse period
  • Latent period
  • Burst size
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5
Q

Adsorption:

A

When the virus attaches and enters the host cell

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6
Q

Eclipse Period:

A

Time interval between uncaring (disappearance of viruses) and appearance, intracellularly, or first infectious progeny virions . INTRACELLULAR

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7
Q

During this phase of the One-Step Growth Curve, No infectious viruses can be detected and usually ranges from 2-12hrs for most virus families.

A

Eclipse Period

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8
Q

Latent Period:

A

Time before new infectious virus appears in the medium. During this phase, no extracellular visions are detected. EXTRACELLULAR

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9
Q

Burst Size:

A

Number of infectious virions released per average cell

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10
Q

What are the 6 steps to viral replication?

A 
1- Attachment
2- Penetration
3- Uncoating
4- Synthesis of Viral Components
5- Assembly & Maturation
6- Release in Large Numbers
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11
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis is the most common Endocytosis (viral penetration). T or F ??

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What type of viruses use Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis?

A

Naked Viruses AND Most Enveloped Viruses

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13
Q

What virus attached to the CD13 receptor?

A

FIP

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14
Q

With the FIP virus, antibodies cannot clear the body. Instead, they bind to the spike. The IgG-Fcy (antibody) receptor allows the entry of the virus into the macrophage. True or False?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Uncoating within Endoscope (enveloped virus). A ______ ______ in endosome promotes fusion of envelope w/ endosomal membrane; lysis of nucleocapsid by lysosomal proteases.

A

Low pH

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16
Q

Where can uncoating occur?

A

Within the endosome, at the nuclear membrane, some uncoat after binding to the external receptor

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17
Q

After uncoating, viruses lose their infectivity. T or F?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Is mRNA a positive sense?

A

Yes, it is a positive sense.

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19
Q

How many groups does Baltimore’s Classification System have?

A

7 groups

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20
Q

What 2 groups require REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE?

A

Group 6 & 7

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21
Q

To complete the new mRNA, it needs to have a 5’ cap and a ________ _____.

A

Poly-A tail

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22
Q

The cap and tail allow the genome to be translated and give it ________.

A

Stability.

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23
Q

What are the 3 ways caps can be synthesized?

A
  • synthesized by host cell enzymes
  • synthesized by viral enzymes
  • cap snatching; steal caps from host mRNA’s
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24
Q

What is splicing?

A

Process that removes introns and joins exons in a primary transcript.

25
Q

What is an exons?

A

Portion of a gene that codes for amino acids

26
Q

What is an intron?

A

Portion of a gene that does NOT code for amino acids

27
Q

Constitutive Splicing:

A

All introns spliced OUT and every exon spliced IN

28
Q

Alternative Splicing:

A

All introns spliced OUT. Only select exons spliced IN.

29
Q

Type of Viral mRNA: Monocistronic mRNA -

A

Encodes for ONE polypeptide

30
Q

Type of Viral mRNA: Polycistronic mRNA-

A

Encodes for SEVERAL polypeptides

31
Q

Monocistronic-

A

Translation only

32
Q

Polycistronic-

A

Translation OR Endonuclease to become a Monocistronic and then on to translation

33
Q

Assembly & Maturation may occur in what 3 places?

A

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, or Plasma/Cell Membrane

34
Q

Lysis of host cell, Budding, or Exocytosis are all 3 ways to…

A

Release progeny Virions

35
Q

Naked Virions —

A

Lysis

36
Q

Enveloped Virions —

A

Budding

37
Q

Pathogenicity:

A

Ability of a virus to cause disease in host

38
Q

Pathogen:

A

Virus that causes disease

39
Q

Pathogenesis:

A

Manner/mechanism of development of a disease

40
Q

Virulence:

A

Quantitative or relative measure of degree of Pathogenicity of an infecting virus

41
Q

Antivirulence:

A

Not harmful

42
Q

Disseminated Infection:

A

Infection spreads beyond primary site of infection

43
Q

Systemic Infection:

A

If a number of organs or tissues are infected

44
Q

Active Viremia:

A

Release of virions from initial site of replication (such as lymphatic)

45
Q

Passive Viremia:

A

Direct inoculation of virus in host

46
Q

What is a Neurotropic virus?

A

A virus that can infect neural cells

47
Q

What is a neuroinvasive virus?

A

A virus that enters the central nervous system (spinal cord & brain) after infection of a peripheral site

48
Q

What is a neurovirulent virus?

A

A virus that causes disease of nervous tissue, manifested by neurological symptoms and often death

49
Q

If a virus is “running away” or traveling in direction of nerve impulse flow.

A

Anterograde Spread

50
Q

If a virus is “running against” or traveling against the direction of the nerve impulse.

A

Retrograde Spread

51
Q

Centripetal movement of a virus:

A

Towards the CNS/Brain

52
Q

Centrifugal movement of a virus:

A

From CNS, within peripheral nerves, to other locations in body

53
Q

Shedding of infectious virions is crucial to the maintenance of infection in populations. T or F?

A

TRUE

54
Q

What is the definition of a Panotropic Virus?

A

Can replicate in more than one host organ/tissue

55
Q

What is teratogenesis?

A

This is the abnormal development or arrests in development of the embryo or fetus.

56
Q

An example of a Latent Infection (persistent infection)

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis or Shipping fever (crowding)

57
Q

An example of Chronic Infection (persistent infection)

A

Foot and Mouth Disease

58
Q

An example of Slow Infection (persistent infection)

A

Prions

Virology (5 decks)

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