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Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Permissive Cell?

A

A cell where a virus can replicate

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2
Q

What is a Non-Permissive Cell?

A

A cell who lacks a factor or factors needed for a virus to replicate within that cell

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3
Q

You can examine the virus tiger by measuring…

A

PFU/mL of intracellular visions and extracellular virions

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4
Q

What are the 4 phases of the Once-Step Growth Curve?

A
  • Adsorption
  • Eclipse period
  • Latent period
  • Burst size
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5
Q

Adsorption:

A

When the virus attaches and enters the host cell

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6
Q

Eclipse Period:

A

Time interval between uncaring (disappearance of viruses) and appearance, intracellularly, or first infectious progeny virions . INTRACELLULAR

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7
Q

During this phase of the One-Step Growth Curve, No infectious viruses can be detected and usually ranges from 2-12hrs for most virus families.

A

Eclipse Period

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8
Q

Latent Period:

A

Time before new infectious virus appears in the medium. During this phase, no extracellular visions are detected. EXTRACELLULAR

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9
Q

Burst Size:

A

Number of infectious virions released per average cell

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10
Q

What are the 6 steps to viral replication?

A 
1- Attachment
2- Penetration
3- Uncoating
4- Synthesis of Viral Components
5- Assembly & Maturation
6- Release in Large Numbers
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11
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis is the most common Endocytosis (viral penetration). T or F ??

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What type of viruses use Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis?

A

Naked Viruses AND Most Enveloped Viruses

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13
Q

What virus attached to the CD13 receptor?

A

FIP

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14
Q

With the FIP virus, antibodies cannot clear the body. Instead, they bind to the spike. The IgG-Fcy (antibody) receptor allows the entry of the virus into the macrophage. True or False?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Uncoating within Endoscope (enveloped virus). A ______ ______ in endosome promotes fusion of envelope w/ endosomal membrane; lysis of nucleocapsid by lysosomal proteases.

A

Low pH

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16
Q

Where can uncoating occur?

A

Within the endosome, at the nuclear membrane, some uncoat after binding to the external receptor

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17
Q

After uncoating, viruses lose their infectivity. T or F?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Is mRNA a positive sense?

A

Yes, it is a positive sense.

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19
Q

How many groups does Baltimore’s Classification System have?

A

7 groups

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20
Q

What 2 groups require REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE?

A

Group 6 & 7

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21
Q

To complete the new mRNA, it needs to have a 5’ cap and a ________ _____.

A

Poly-A tail

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22
Q

The cap and tail allow the genome to be translated and give it ________.

A

Stability.

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23
Q

What are the 3 ways caps can be synthesized?

A
  • synthesized by host cell enzymes
  • synthesized by viral enzymes
  • cap snatching; steal caps from host mRNA’s
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24
Q

What is splicing?

A

Process that removes introns and joins exons in a primary transcript.

25
What is an exons?
Portion of a gene that codes for amino acids
26
What is an intron?
Portion of a gene that does NOT code for amino acids
27
Constitutive Splicing:
All introns spliced OUT and every exon spliced IN
28
Alternative Splicing:
All introns spliced OUT. Only select exons spliced IN.
29
Type of Viral mRNA: Monocistronic mRNA -
Encodes for ONE polypeptide
30
Type of Viral mRNA: Polycistronic mRNA-
Encodes for SEVERAL polypeptides
31
Monocistronic-
Translation only
32
Polycistronic-
Translation OR Endonuclease to become a Monocistronic and then on to translation
33
Assembly & Maturation may occur in what 3 places?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, or Plasma/Cell Membrane
34
Lysis of host cell, Budding, or Exocytosis are all 3 ways to...
Release progeny Virions
35
Naked Virions ---
Lysis
36
Enveloped Virions ---
Budding
37
Pathogenicity:
Ability of a virus to cause disease in host
38
Pathogen:
Virus that causes disease
39
Pathogenesis:
Manner/mechanism of development of a disease
40
Virulence:
Quantitative or relative measure of degree of Pathogenicity of an infecting virus
41
Antivirulence:
Not harmful
42
Disseminated Infection:
Infection spreads beyond primary site of infection
43
Systemic Infection:
If a number of organs or tissues are infected
44
Active Viremia:
Release of virions from initial site of replication (such as lymphatic)
45
Passive Viremia:
Direct inoculation of virus in host
46
What is a Neurotropic virus?
A virus that can infect neural cells
47
What is a neuroinvasive virus?
A virus that enters the central nervous system (spinal cord & brain) after infection of a peripheral site
48
What is a neurovirulent virus?
A virus that causes disease of nervous tissue, manifested by neurological symptoms and often death
49
If a virus is "running away" or traveling in direction of nerve impulse flow.
Anterograde Spread
50
If a virus is "running against" or traveling against the direction of the nerve impulse.
Retrograde Spread
51
Centripetal movement of a virus:
Towards the CNS/Brain
52
Centrifugal movement of a virus:
From CNS, within peripheral nerves, to other locations in body
53
Shedding of infectious virions is crucial to the maintenance of infection in populations. T or F?
TRUE
54
What is the definition of a Panotropic Virus?
Can replicate in more than one host organ/tissue
55
What is teratogenesis?
This is the abnormal development or arrests in development of the embryo or fetus.
56
An example of a Latent Infection (persistent infection)
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis or Shipping fever (crowding)
57
An example of Chronic Infection (persistent infection)
Foot and Mouth Disease
58
An example of Slow Infection (persistent infection)
Prions

Virology (5 decks)

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