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Virology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A virus is…

A

A piece of bad news wrapped up in a protein

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2
Q

_______ in south Africa killed more than 5.2 million cattle

A

Rinderpest

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3
Q

As a result of Rinderpest, 1/3 of the human population of Ethiopia _________.

A

Starved

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4
Q

Virology:

A

Study of viruses & viral disease

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5
Q

Virologist:

A

Someone who studies viruses

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6
Q

Viruses are…

A

Non- living entities

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7
Q

Viruses contain ___________ surrounded by a __________.

A

Nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA)

Protein coat

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8
Q

Viruses DO NOT posses…

A

Standard cellular organelles

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9
Q

Viruses cannot…

A

Make energy or proteins by themselves

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10
Q

All viruses are obligate ____________ parasites.

A

Intracellular

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11
Q

Viruses do not have the genetic capability to ________ ___ _________.

A

Multiply by division

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12
Q

Virus reproduction:

A

Resembles an assembly line

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13
Q

Complete virus particle that consists of an RNA or DNA core w/ a protein coat sometimes w/ external envelopes & that is the extracellular infective form of a virus

A

Virion

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14
Q

Virion

A

Mature virus

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15
Q

Virus

A

Intermediate stages during replication w/in host cell

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16
Q

The infectious (vision) or inactivated virus particle, or viral nucleic acid & protein in the infected cell

A

Virus

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17
Q

Infectious particle smaller than any of the known viruses, an agent of certain plant disease. Consists of only of extremely small circular RNA molecule, lacking the protein coat of a virus.

A

Viroid

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18
Q

What was the first method used to immunize an individual against Small Pox?

A

Variolation or Inoculation. (china)

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19
Q

Who used inoculated “cowpox matter” repeatedly into the arms of a healthy 8yo boy? The boy later became immune & did not succumb to small pox.

A

Edward Jenner

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20
Q

Who injected dried, potassium hydroxide treated, infected rabbit brain material in two boys bitten by rabid dogs? Both boys recovered.

A

Louis Pasteur

21
Q

______ called this filtered, infectious substance a “virus” and this discovery is considered to be the beginning of virology.

A

Martinus Beijerinck

22
Q

Filter has pores smaller than bacteria…

A

Chamberlain Filter by Charles Chamberland

23
Q

Friedrich Loeffler & Paul Frosch….

A

Passed the 1st animal virus through a filter similar to the chamberland filter.

24
Q

What virus was the 1st to be passed through a filter?

A

Foot-and-mouth disease

25
Q

Conqueror of Yellow Fever…

A

Water Reed

26
Q

Who isolated/discovered the 1st tumor-causing animal virus?

A

Peyton Rous

27
Q

What was the first tumor-causing animal virus discovered?

A

Rous sarcoma virus

28
Q

Woodruff, Goodpasture, & Burnet…

A

Reported propagating fowlpoxvirus in embryonated hens eggs

29
Q

What virus is pretty much eradicated since 2001?

A

Rinderpest

30
Q

Smallest Viruses:

A
  • Porcine circovirus type 1 ( 17nm)

- Parvovirus (18nm)

31
Q

Largest Viruses:

A
  • Pandoravirus (400nm)

- Poxvirus (200nm x 300nm)

32
Q

What are the 6 shapes of viruses?

A 
1- Filament shaped
2- Bullet shaped
3- Tadpole shaped
4- Rod shaped
5- Brick shaped
6- Spherical shaped
33
Q

Pleomorphism:

A

Ability of some viruses to alter their shape/size

34
Q

Electron Microscopy:

A

Stains background
Negative staining
Can sometimes be misleading

35
Q

Cray-Electron Microscopy:

A

Very low temp.
No staining
Observe virus in natural state

36
Q

X-ray Crystallographic Method:

A

1st- Crystallize virus
2nd- hit virus w/ rad so there are diffraction of different angles
3rd- pick up radiography by detector and create 3D map in computer
4th- protein model

37
Q

________ is the protein shell of a virus that encases/envelopes the viral nucleic acid or genome.

A

Capsid - “box”

38
Q

What is a Capsid made up of?

A

Capsomeres held together by non-covalent bonds

39
Q

Which viruses have a double layered Capsid?

A

Reoviruses

40
Q

_________ is the basic subunit protein in the capsid of a virus.

A

Capsomere

41
Q

Capsid + Virus Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)/Genome =

A

Nucleocapsid

42
Q

Nucleocapsids are what shape?

A

Helical or spiral tube

43
Q

In all animal viruses, helical nucleocapids are enclosed with…

A

A lipoprotein envelope

44
Q

Naked nucleocapsids are common among…

A

Plant viruses (tobacco mosaic virus)

45
Q

What is one of the most simplest viruses?

A

Parvovirus T=1

46
Q

The outer Capsid has T=13 icosahedral symmetry & inner Capsid has T=2 icosahedral symmetry

A

Reoviridae

47
Q

Complex Symmetry:

A

Virions are made up of several parts

Poxvirus) (Bacteriophages

48
Q

Function of viral Capsid:

A
  • Shape virus
  • Symmetry of virus
  • Protect the nucleic acid

Virology (5 decks)

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