Week 1

Question 1

A virus is…

Answer 1

A piece of bad news wrapped up in a protein

Question 2

_______ in south Africa killed more than 5.2 million cattle

Answer 2

Rinderpest

Question 3

As a result of Rinderpest, 1/3 of the human population of Ethiopia _________.

Answer 3

Starved

Question 4

Virology:

Answer 4

Study of viruses & viral disease

Question 5

Virologist:

Answer 5

Someone who studies viruses

Question 6

Viruses are…

Answer 6

Non- living entities

Question 7

Viruses contain ___________ surrounded by a __________.

Answer 7

Nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA)

Protein coat

Question 8

Viruses DO NOT posses…

Answer 8

Standard cellular organelles

Question 9

Viruses cannot…

Answer 9

Make energy or proteins by themselves

Question 10

All viruses are obligate ____________ parasites.

Answer 10

Intracellular

Question 11

Viruses do not have the genetic capability to ________ ___ _________.

Answer 11

Multiply by division

Question 12

Virus reproduction:

Answer 12

Resembles an assembly line

Question 13

Complete virus particle that consists of an RNA or DNA core w/ a protein coat sometimes w/ external envelopes & that is the extracellular infective form of a virus

Answer 13

Virion

Question 14

Virion

Answer 14

Mature virus

Question 15

Virus

Answer 15

Intermediate stages during replication w/in host cell

Question 16

The infectious (vision) or inactivated virus particle, or viral nucleic acid & protein in the infected cell

Answer 16

Virus

Question 17

Infectious particle smaller than any of the known viruses, an agent of certain plant disease. Consists of only of extremely small circular RNA molecule, lacking the protein coat of a virus.

Answer 17

Viroid

Question 18

What was the first method used to immunize an individual against Small Pox?

Answer 18

Variolation or Inoculation. (china)

Question 19

Who used inoculated “cowpox matter” repeatedly into the arms of a healthy 8yo boy? The boy later became immune & did not succumb to small pox.

Answer 19

Edward Jenner

Question 20

Who injected dried, potassium hydroxide treated, infected rabbit brain material in two boys bitten by rabid dogs? Both boys recovered.

Answer 20

Louis Pasteur

Question 21

______ called this filtered, infectious substance a “virus” and this discovery is considered to be the beginning of virology.

Answer 21

Martinus Beijerinck

Question 22

Filter has pores smaller than bacteria…

Answer 22

Chamberlain Filter by Charles Chamberland

Question 23

Friedrich Loeffler & Paul Frosch….

Answer 23

Passed the 1st animal virus through a filter similar to the chamberland filter.

Question 24

What virus was the 1st to be passed through a filter?

Answer 24

Foot-and-mouth disease

Question 25

Conqueror of Yellow Fever...

Answer 25

Water Reed

Question 26

Who isolated/discovered the 1st tumor-causing animal virus?

Answer 26

Peyton Rous

Question 27

What was the first tumor-causing animal virus discovered?

Answer 27

Rous sarcoma virus

Question 28

Woodruff, Goodpasture, & Burnet...

Answer 28

Reported propagating fowlpoxvirus in embryonated hens eggs

Question 29

What virus is pretty much eradicated since 2001?

Answer 29

Rinderpest

Question 30

Smallest Viruses:

Answer 30

- Porcine circovirus type 1 ( 17nm) | - Parvovirus (18nm)

Question 31

Largest Viruses:

Answer 31

- Pandoravirus (400nm) | - Poxvirus (200nm x 300nm)

Question 32

What are the 6 shapes of viruses?

Answer 32

``` 1- Filament shaped 2- Bullet shaped 3- Tadpole shaped 4- Rod shaped 5- Brick shaped 6- Spherical shaped ```

Question 33

Pleomorphism:

Answer 33

Ability of some viruses to alter their shape/size

Question 34

Electron Microscopy:

Answer 34

Stains background Negative staining Can sometimes be misleading

Question 35

Cray-Electron Microscopy:

Answer 35

Very low temp. No staining Observe virus in natural state

Question 36

X-ray Crystallographic Method:

Answer 36

1st- Crystallize virus 2nd- hit virus w/ rad so there are diffraction of different angles 3rd- pick up radiography by detector and create 3D map in computer 4th- protein model

Question 37

________ is the protein shell of a virus that encases/envelopes the viral nucleic acid or genome.

Answer 37

Capsid - "box"

Question 38

What is a Capsid made up of?

Answer 38

Capsomeres held together by non-covalent bonds

Question 39

Which viruses have a double layered Capsid?

Answer 39

Reoviruses

Question 40

_________ is the basic subunit protein in the capsid of a virus.

Answer 40

Capsomere

Question 41

Capsid + Virus Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)/Genome =

Answer 41

Nucleocapsid

Question 42

Nucleocapsids are what shape?

Answer 42

Helical or spiral tube

Question 43

In all animal viruses, helical nucleocapids are enclosed with...

Answer 43

A lipoprotein envelope

Question 44

Naked nucleocapsids are common among...

Answer 44

Plant viruses (tobacco mosaic virus)

Question 45

What is one of the most simplest viruses?

Answer 45

Parvovirus T=1

Question 46

The outer Capsid has T=13 icosahedral symmetry & inner Capsid has T=2 icosahedral symmetry

Answer 46

Reoviridae

Question 47

Complex Symmetry:

Answer 47

Virions are made up of several parts | Poxvirus) (Bacteriophages

Question 48

Function of viral Capsid:

Answer 48

- Shape virus - Symmetry of virus - Protect the nucleic acid