Week 2 Flashcards
Can viruses multiply by division?
No, they do not have the genetic capability to do so.
What do viruses need to replicate?
A living host
What dose a virus do once inside the host cell?
The virus hijacks & utilizes the host cell machinery to produce its proteins & nucleic acid for the next generation of virus
What are 3 ways we can grow/cultivate viruses outside of the living host?
- Cell culture/tissue culture - Inoculation in embryonated egg - Use laboratory animals
What is the best way to grow viruses (even though it isn’t ethical)?
Actual host itself
Most sophisticated type of cell/tissue culture…
Organ culture
Organ Culture:
Section of organ cultured in-vitro. New method & technical difficulties. Not very popular method.
One of the best ways of cultivating viruses…
Cell Culture
Cell Culture:
Removal of cells from living host where cells are then grown in an artificial environment– where we inoculate the virus into the growing cells — where the virus will infect the host cells in-vitro & increase in number
What are the 2 types of cell culture?
1) Suspension Cultures 2) Monolayer Cultures
Suspension Cultures:
Where cells are suspended/floating in a liquid medium
Monolayer Cultures:
Most common, cells are grown on plastic surface where they grow in a 1 layer, where viruses are grown. CELLS ARE ATTATCHED
We take some of my liver cells. Cut it in small pieces, then use enzymes to break into individual cells, then into growth media, then cells start growing in a Monolayer fashion. Once there is one layer– known as contact inhibition.
Primary Cell Culture
Heterogeneous culture
Primary Cell Culture
What culture is used for producing viral vaccines?
Primary Cell Culture
What are the disadvantages of Primary Cell Culture?
-Difficult to obtain -Short lifespan in culture -Very susceptible to contamination -May not fully act like parent tissue due to complexity of culture media
Secondary Cell Culture:
When a primary cell culture is sub-cultured.
Subculture (or passage):
Transfer of cells from one culture vessel to another culture vessel
For further propagation of cells, we need more space so we do a _________ _________.
Secondary cell culture / Sub-culture
What are the 2 types of Cell Lines?
1) Finite / Diploid Cell Lines 2) Continuous Cell Line
_______ Cell Lines means cells can only be propagated up to a certain extend. Their lifespan is limited.
Finite/Diploid Cell Lines
__________ Cell Lines means they have the ability to divide indefinitely. Edward Cullen of cell lines.
Continuous Cell Lines
Example of HeLa cells:
Continuous Cell Line / Cancer cells
Growth Medium %:
5-10%
