Host Response to Viral Infection

Question 1

Name the 3 ways a host immune system will respond to a virus.

Answer 1

• Innate Immunity
• Adaptive Immunity
• Passive Immunity

Question 2

This type of immunity is not antigen specific:

Answer 2

Innate Imminuty

Question 3

_______ immunity is the first line of defense against viral infections and are constantly present.

Answer 3

Innate Immunity

Question 4

Innate immunity is immediate after viral infection. T or F?

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

What are some primary and chemical defenses at the portal of virus entry?

Answer 5

Skin, MM, GIT, Respiratory

Question 6

What are NK cells>

Answer 6

Natural Killer Cells

Large lymphocytes that are defined by their cytoplasmic granules

Question 7

NK cells provide EARLY and NON-SPECIFIC resistance against viral infections. T or F?

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

_____ cells contain PERFORIN and GRANZYMES.

Answer 8

NK Cells

Question 9

__________= produce pores in plasma membranes

Answer 9

Perforin

Question 10

________= proteins that can initiate apoptosis.

Answer 10

Granzymes

Question 11

When NK cells release their cytoplasmic granules, they do NOT kill adjacent cells. T or F?

Answer 11

FALSE! NK cells DO KILL ADJACENT cells when they release their cytoplasmic granules

Question 12

Pattern Recognition Receptors:

Answer 12

PRR's. They are on the surface of host cells 
One class is called "toll-like receptors" (TLR)

Question 13

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns

Answer 13

PAMPS, macromolecules present in viruses and microbes

Question 14

Interferon (IFN) are a group of cytokines that are secreted by SOMATIC cells in response to viral infections

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

RNA viruses are stronger inducers of interferon than DNA viruses. T or F?

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

Type 1 INF Alpha:

Answer 16

Leukocyte interferon, NOT HOST SPECIFIC

Question 17

Type 1 INF Beta:

Answer 17

Fibroblast interferon, HOST SPECIES SPECIFIC

Question 18

Type 2 INF

Answer 18

Produced by T cells and NK cells

HOST SPECIFIC

Question 19

Type 3 INF

Answer 19

Primarily functions as immunoregulator

Question 20

Adaptive Immunity includes _______ and _______ components.

Answer 20

HUMORAL and CELLUALR

Question 21

______ is regulated by B lymphocytes

Answer 21

HUMORAL

Question 22

_______ is regulated by T Lymphocytes

Answer 22

CELLULAR

Question 23

Adaptive immunity is antigen SPECIFIC, therefore it takes time to develop. T or F?

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

Adaptive Immunity is LONG TERM MEMORY. T or F?

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

What is virus neutralization?

Answer 25

Neutralizing antibodies that prevent attachment and entry into host cells. They bind to the viral Capsid or host envelope.

Question 26

What s opsinozation?

Answer 26

The coating of virions w/ antibodies. Once they are coated, they will be phagocytosed by macros or neutrons.

Question 27

_______. This reduces the number of viral particles available for cell invasion.

Answer 27

Clumping of viruses (immunocomplex formation)

Question 28

What activated the complement system?

Answer 28

- Opsonization (enhancing PHAGOCYTOSIS) - Chemotaxis (at tracking macros and neutro) - Lysis (rupturing membranes of foreign cells/paths) - Aggulation (clustering and binding paths together/sticking)

Question 29

What is antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity?

Answer 29

Antibodies bind to viral antigens expressed on surface of host cells. Host cells are then destroyed by PHAGOCYTOSIS or complement mediated cytolysis

Question 30

Define Antigenic Plasticity:

Answer 30

Rapid changes in the structure of the viral antigen. Due to change in structure, the virus may become resistant to immunity generated by previous infection

Question 31

Define Antigenic Multiplicity:

Answer 31

Antigenic variants w/ little or no cross-reactivity.

Question 32

Do negative cytokine regulation black interferon receptor signals?

Answer 32

YES`