Week 3 (2) Flashcards
What are the majority of tumours of the penis?
Squamosu carcinoma in situ
What do both bowens disease and erythroplasia of queyrat have in common?
Full thickness dysplasia of epidermis
Who do squamous cell carcinomas of penises almost exclusively occur in?
Uncircumsised men
What are two risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of penis?
HPV and poor hygeine
What tumour did chimney sweeps used to get?
Squamouc cell carcinoma of the scrotum
Where do squamous cell carcinoma of penis tend to occur?
Glans/prepuce
What condition is common and involves irregular proliferation of both glandular and stromal prostatic tissue?
Benign Nodular Hyperplasia of Prostate - over 70 years of age
What is the aetiology of BNH?
Hormonal imbalance - androgen/oestrogen ratio
What gland tends to be involved in BNH and is oestrogen responsive?
Centrak (peri-urethral)
What are the symtpoms of prostatism in BNH?
Difficulty starting micturition, poor stream and overflow incontinence
What disturbance can BNH cause?
Disturbance of bladder sphincter
How is BNH treated?
Alpha blockers, 5 alpjha reductse inhibitors
Is BNH pre-malignant?
NO
Name two complications of BNH?
Bladder hypertrophy and diverticulum formation
When is peak incidence of carcinoma of prostate?
60-80 years
When is there an increased risk of carcinoma of prostate?
If 1st degree reltive is affected at young age
Is carcinoma of prostate associated with BNH
No
Where do carcinoma of prostate tend to arise?
Peripheral ducts and glands, particularly posterior lobe
Is peri-urethral zone involved in carcinoma of prostate?
Yes at later stage
Can prostaste cancer remain latent?
Yes - prostate biospy with small focus of carcinoma in 85/90 year old male then tend not to treat
Where does lymphatic spread occur in carcinoma of prostate?
Sacral
Iliac
Para aortic nodes
Carcinoma of prostate causes what on radiology in relation to bones?
Osteosclerotic metastases - blood spread to lungs, liver and bone (lumbosacral area)
What biochemical test is done in prostate cancer?
Increased prostate specific antigen (PSA) - but not all prostate cancers have this
How is definitive diagnosis of prostate canacer made?
Biospy. multiple needle core under ultrasound