Week 3 Flashcards
growth
the progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity, including the attendant increases in size
stages of postnatal growth
- neonatal period
- infancy
- childhood
- adolescence
- adulthood
bone mineral content in adolescence as related to osteoporosis in the elderly
Peak velocity in bone mineral deposition ≈ 1 year after PHV
* During PHV period when bone mineral deposition velocity not
peaked there is long bone weakeningàincreased # risk
* Requires adequate calcium and vitamin D
changes in shape with growth
the dimensions of the head are in advance of those of the trunk, and at all ages more distal parts of the limbs are in advance of the more central parts (ie. Distal to proximal growth)
– foot–>calf–>thigh
* In the later stages of the adolescent spurt, there is laterality of growth rather than linearity
menstration
Menstruation begins when the height velocity is falling
* The development of mature ova follows menarche by as much as two years;
* puberty is not complete in females until sexual maturity has been attained.
nature of growth
body parts do not grow at the same rate
body parts do not stop growing simultaneously
body does not retain the same proportions throughout growth
relative weights of tissues and organs do not remain constant
distance curve
height vs time
measurements taken at intervals are plotted against time to produce a graph of progress
velocity curve
change in height/year vs time
increments in growth are plotted against time to show the variation in the rate of growth with time
why are boys taller
due to 2 more years of growth before growth spurt
- during these years the legs grow relatively faster than trunk
peak growth rate in bots also a bit higher on average compared to females
puberty
There are changes in:
* reproductive organs
* secondary sex characteristics
– body size and shape
relative proportions of muscle, fat, and bone.
Changes d/t increased amount of sexual differentiating hormones
when does mentration begin
when the height velocity is falling
development of mature ova follows menarche by as much as 2 years
puberty is not complete in females until sexual maturity has bee attained
radiological (skeletal age)
during growth every bone goes through a series of changes which can be recorded radiogrpahiclly
times of appearance of primary and secondary centres of ossification can be observed
dental age
the deciduous dentition erupts from 6 months to 2 years of age and can be used during that period
permeant detention provides measure from 6-13 years of age
sexual age
secondary sex characteristics can be used as a method of rating maturational development ratings made using
- stages in pubic hair development
- stages in breast development
- stages of genital development
neural age
at birth much of cns is not functional and requires time to develop to the stage in which it can be fully utilized
girls ahead of boys throughout phase of motor and sensory development
