Week 1

Question 1

osteology

Answer 1

science concerned with the study of bones

Question 2

axial division of the skeleton

Answer 2

bones of the head, neck, trunk

Question 3

appendicular division of the skeleton

Answer 3

bones of the extremities or appendages

Question 4

veterbral column

Answer 4

provides flexible support for the trunk and protects the spinal cord

Question 5

5 segments of the vertebral column

Answer 5

○ 7 cervical vertebrae
○ 12 thoracic vertebrae
○ 5 lumbar vertebrae
○ 5 sacral vertebrae
○ 4 coccygeal vertabrae
each has 2 parts: anterior solid portion and neural arch

Question 6

scoliosis kyphosis and lordosis

Answer 6

Scoliosis: an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column
Kyphosis: hump back: an exaggerated posterior thoracic curve
Lordosis: sway back: an exaggerated anterior lumbar curve

Question 7

main functions of the skeletal system

Answer 7

• Body movement
  
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Minerla storage
• Blood cell formation

Question 8

epiphysis

Answer 8

end of a long bone, largely cancellous bone covered with articular cartilage

Question 9

diaphysis

Answer 9

shaft of a long bone consisting of compact bone and a central cavity

Question 10

articular cartilage

Answer 10

smooth and slipperly region of epihyses where bones of a synovial joint make physical contact at cartilaginous ends

Question 11

periosteum

Answer 11

fiborous sheath covering the bone. The peristeum does not cover the articualr cartilage

Question 12

cancellous (spongy) bone (red marrow)

Answer 12

consists of masses of developing red/white blood cells supported by an array of fine fibres. It is found in the epiphysis

Question 13

compact bone

Answer 13

ivory like bone found in diapyhsis. Nutroent blood reaches bone cells by a system of haverisan canals

Question 14

medullary cavity

Answer 14

found in diapsysis. After childhoof blood cell production largely ceases in the marrow of the diaphysis and the cavity contains fat (yellow marrow)

Question 15

long bone classification

Answer 15

• Long bones: most of the bones of upper and lower extremeties are of this type
  ○ Longer than they are wide
  ○ Hallow shaft is made of compact bone being filled with yellow marrow
  Ends are composed of spongy or cancellous bone which contains red marrow

Question 16

classification of short bones

Answer 16

such as those of th wrist and ankle, composed of spongy bone covered by a shell of compact bone

Question 17

classification of flat bones

Answer 17

thos eof the face and skull, scapula, ribs, sternum, and ilium. Flat bones have a broad surface for muscle attachment or protection of underlying organs. Consit of 2 plates of compact bone with a thin layer of spongy bone sandwhiched between them

Question 18

classification of sesamoid bones

Answer 18

mall round bones that form in tendons to protect tendon compressive forces.
- Irregualar bones: bones that do not fit into any other category. 24 vertbrae sacrum , coccyx and bones of the ears

Question 19

surface features of bones

Answer 19

• Process: any marked bony promienece
  
  • Head: a promineent rounded articulating proxiaml end of a bone
  • Neck: contricted area such as the neck on the femur
  • Fossa: a flattened or shallow surface
  • Facet: flat surface
  • Tuberosity: a large roughened process
  • Terbcle: a small rounded process
  • Condyle: rounded articualr promeinece
  • Epicondyle: a projection above a condyle
  • Foramen: a hole
    Trochanter: a massive process found only on the femur