Week 3 Flashcards
Phases of stress
Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
Transaction Model
Stress is a property of neither stimulus nor response, but an ongoing series of interactions between an individual and their environment
- evaluations are appraisals
Potential stressor-> primary appraisal->secondary appraisal-> coping (problem solving or emotional based)
General adaptation syndrome
Stress is inferred from a set of boduly changes
Psychosocial factors that influence disease
Social status
Controllability (internal locus of control vs external locus of control)
Personality (etiology, development and progression of medical disorders)
-alexithymia
Social Support
Psychosocial factors contributing to ulcers
Stress diverts blood away from the stomach which has blood vessels supplying the deactivation of gastric juices on stomach lining
stress seems to increase secretion of juices
direct manipulation of the amygdala in animals
Physiology feedback loop of stress
Stress induces the HPA axis to release ACTH which causes the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol - in excess can kill cells in hippocampus which is a structure responsible for turning off the stress response - results in poor regulation of stress that continues the cycle
Coping strategies to reduce stress and its effects on physical disorders
Guided mastery
relaxation techniques - biological feedback loop
reduction of catastrophizing events
positive lifestyle choices
Psychosocial factors contributing to cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular reactivity to stress, BP, HR,
Type A - achieve more and more in less and less time
measures of hostility associated with heart diseases (affective features of responses, cognitive dimension of cynicism, behavioural dimension)
Exaggerated autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to stresses
Dissociative amnesia
and its subtype dissociative fugure
inability to recall significant personal information in the absence of organic impairment
dissociative fugue is for autobiographical information that is so profound that individuals also travel unexpectedly away from their home
5 patterns of memory loss
Localized amnesia: specific time period
Selective amnesia: only some parts of the trauma are forgotten
Generalized amnesia: forget all personal information from their past
Continuous amnesia: forgets information from a specific date to the present
Systematized amnesia: forgets only certain categories of information (people, places)
Depersonalization/Derealization disorder
Depersonalization: unreality and detachment from their own thoughts, feelings, sensations actions or body
-third most reported clinical symptom
Derealization: detachment from ones surroundings
Dissociative Identity Disorder
presents two or more distinct personality states, wherein a disruption of identity is indicated by discontinuities in one’s sense of self and corresponding changes in psychological functioning.
leads to gaps in memory
the two competing theories of the etiology of dissociative identity disorder
the trauma model
- result of severe childhood trauma, dissociation is a defence mechanism/coping strategy
Socio-cognitive model
-DID is a form of role-playing consistent with their therapists projection of the disorder
treatment of dissociative disorders
psychotherapy
-relieve emotional distress from past trauamas and learn more effective coping mechanisms
medication can help reduce symptoms and treat comorbid disorders
Conversion disorder and etiology
Loss of functioning in a part of their body that appears to be due to a neurological or other medical cause, but without and underlying medical abnormality to explain it
symptoms result from a dynamic reorganization of the brain circuits that link volition, movement, memory and perception - leading to an inhibition of normal cortical activity
