Behaviour and emotional disorders of childhood/adolescence

Question 1

Current issues with assessing/treating children/adolescents with mental health disorders

Answer 1

-hard to determine what is normal for a given age

-youth are very influenced by their environments and have less autonomy of their decisions

-info is gathered from various sources that are not the children

Question 2

What are externalizing problems

Answer 2

disorders of under controlled behaviour
○ ADHD
○ Oppositional defiant disorder (OOD)
○ Conduct disorder (CD)

Question 3

What are internalizing problems

Answer 3

disorders of over controlled behaviour

○ Separation anxiety disorder (SAD)
○ Selective mutism
○ Reactive attachment disorder (RAD)
○ Anxiety disorders
○ Mood disorders

Question 4

what is the intersect of externalizing and internalizing

Answer 4

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

Question 5

Children typically receive more than one diagnosis, but also their current diagnosis is often predictive of their receiving __

Answer 5

the same diagnosis in the future (homotypic continuity) or receiving a different psychiatric diagnosis in the future (heterotypic continuity)

Question 5

Describe ADHD

Answer 5

persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development’
§ Often motorically and verbally hyperactive, have difficulty maintaining their focus in conversations and activities, show impulsive or erratic behaviour

Question 5

What groups of symptoms does ADHD have

Answer 5

Inattention and Hyperactivity/impulsivity

Question 6

Etiology of ADHD

Answer 6

Genetic
-runs in families
-differences on chromosome 20 (sometimes)
-Dopamine metabolism - regulation of emotion and complex behaviour

Brain dysfunction
-inactivity of frontal cortex and basal ganglia

Toxins

Psychosocial factors

Question 7

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Answer 7

Persistent pattern of defiant, disobedient or hostile behaviour

Question 8

Conduct disorder

Answer 8

Serious violations of the basics rights of others, social norms, and rules

Question 9

The 3 groups of symptoms of ODD

Answer 9

Angry/irritable mood

Argumentative/defiant behaviour

Vindictiveness

Question 10

4 major groups of behaviour for CD

Answer 10

○ Aggression directed towards people and animals
○ Destruction of property
○ Deceitfulness or theft
○ Serious violations of rules

Question 11

Comorbidities with ADHD

Answer 11

ODD, CD and anxiety disorders

Question 12

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder DMDD

Answer 12

○ Chronic and severe irritability
○ Frequent temper outbursts
○ Cannot coexist with ODD, but often comorbid with CD

Question 13

Developmental trajectory of externalizing disorders

Answer 13

ODD->CD-> Antisocial Personality Disorder

although the progression decreases as it goes along

Question 14

Etiology of CD and ODD

Answer 14

-highly heritable
-poor parenting, parental substance abuse, poverty
-insecure and disorganized attachment
-poor cognitive functioning

Question 15

etiology of aggression

Answer 15

-decreased glucose metabolism
-damage to amygdala
-low norepinephrine
-low cortisol
-poor serotonin control
-low monoamine oxidase A activity

Question 16

Ways to treat ODD and CD

Answer 16

-Problem solving skills to manage how they respond

-pharmacological interventions (treat comorbid ADHD, risperidone)

-Parent management training (social learning causal model)

-School and community based treatment

Question 17

Treatment for ADHD

Answer 17

Pharmacological
- stimulant medications (very effective)

Psychoeducational interventions- parent training

Behavioural treatments
-reinforcement, increaser appropriate behaviours and decrease inappropriate behaviours
-contingency management

Question 18

Prominent anxiety disorders in childhood

Answer 18

Separation anxiety disorder (3 symptoms for 4 weeks)

General anxiety disorder (symptom for 6 months)

Question 19

Treatment for anxiety disorders

Answer 19

CBT

Pharmacological
-SSRIs