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Osteology & Arthrology > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three regions of the spine

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

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2
Q

what are the atypical vertebrae in the cervical spine

A

C1,C2, and C7

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3
Q

what are the atypical vertebrae in the thoracic spine

A

T1, T9-12

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4
Q

what happens at the T10 level

A

the spinous process starts to flatten out

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5
Q

what are the atypical vertebrae in the lumbar spine

A

L5

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6
Q

why is L5 atypical

A

it has a smaller vertebral body

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7
Q

how many bones in the sacrum

A

five

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8
Q

how many bones in the coccyx

A

three

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9
Q

what is atypical about C1

A

there is no spinous process

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10
Q

what is atypical about C2

A

it has the dens/ odontoid process

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11
Q

what is atypical about C7

A

it sticks out the most, has the most vertebral prominence and lacks a bifid process

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12
Q

what kind of spinal process are in the cervical spine

A

bifid

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13
Q

why is the vertebral foramen so large in the C1

A

it contains part of the brain stem

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14
Q

what is a trochoid joint

A

freely movable allowing rotary movement around an axis

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15
Q

what is another name for a trochoid joint

A

pivot joint

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16
Q

where is the trochoid joint found in the cervical spine

A

between C1 and C2 allowing for rotation of the head

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17
Q

what does the angle of facet determine in the vertebrae

A

range of motion

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18
Q

what is unique about the axis (C2) vertebrae

A

it has the dens/ odontoid process
first vertebrae with bifid spinous process

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19
Q

what does APOM stand for

A

anterior to posterior open mouth
-used in X-Ray

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20
Q

what is unique about the C7 vertebrae

A

there is no longer a bifid spinous process

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21
Q

why is the vertebral foramen larger In the cervical spine

A

because the spinal cord is the thickest in the cervical region due to transition from the brain stem into the spinal cord

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22
Q

characteristics of typical cervical vertebrae

A

small body. large vertebral foramen, transverse process with transverse foramen, bifid spinous process in C2-6

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23
Q

what is the function of the transverse foramen in the cervical spine

A

protection of vertebral arteries

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24
Q

characteristics of typical thoracic vertebrae

A

larger body than cervical but smaller than lumbar, spinous process pointed and angled downward, superior articular facets face posteriorly allowing for rotation between adjacent vertebrae, rib attachment

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25
Q

what is on the thoracic vertebrae that allows for articulation of ribs

A

costal facets on the vertebral body

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26
Q

where is the superior vertebral notch located on the thoracic vertebra

A

on the pedicle

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27
Q

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 9 (T9)

A

two superior demi facet attachments for attachment on ninth rib, may or may not have inferior demi facets

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28
Q

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 1 (T1)

A

has superior full facet for head of first rib, inferior demi facet for part of head of 2nd rib

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29
Q

what are the ribs named according to

A

which transverse process it articulates with

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30
Q

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 10 (T10)

A

two superior full facets and NO inferior facets

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31
Q

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 11 (T11)

A

same as T10 and NO transverse facets

32
Q

why are there no transverse facets on T11

A

because it is a floating rib so it doesn’t fully anchor to the spine

33
Q

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 12 (T12)

A

same as T11, transverse processes have three tubercles homologous to lumbar vertebrae
superior - mammillary
inferior - accessory
lateral - transverse

34
Q

where is the largest vertebral canal found

A

in the cervical vertebrae

35
Q

where is the smallest vertebral canal found

A

in the thoracic vertebrae

36
Q

where does the spinal cord typically stop in mature adults

A

L1

37
Q

what is different from a spinal cord during development to a mature spinal cord

A

during development before birth the spinal cord is the full length of the spine

38
Q

characteristics of atypical lumbar vertebra 5 (L5)

A

body is not as thick, TP are short and thick, short spinous process, superior articular surfaces are more posterior and less medial, inferior articular process are more anterior and less lateral

39
Q

what is lumbo-sacral facet syndrome

A

asymmetry of facing facets

40
Q

what is the primary curve of the spine

A

kyphotic

41
Q

what is the secondary curve of the spine

A

lordotic

42
Q

what causes lordosis of the spine to occur during development

A

movement due to infant lifting of the head and arching of the lower back

43
Q

what curve are babies born with

A

kyphotic

44
Q

what is an abnormal lateral curve of the spine called

A

scoliosis

45
Q

what shape is a kypohotic curve

A

C

46
Q

what curve is displayed in the cervical spine

A

lordotic

47
Q

what curve is displayed in the thoracic spine

A

kyphotic

48
Q

what curve is displayed in the lumbar spine

A

lordotic

49
Q

what causes the two most mobile regions of the spine to alter

A

changes in forces applied to them

50
Q

what are the other osseous structures of the axial skeleton

A

the ribs and sternum, and hyoid bone

51
Q

how many pairs of ribs do we have

A

12

52
Q

how many true rib pairs are there

A

7

53
Q

where are the true ribs

A

1-7

54
Q

what do the true ribs connect to

A

costal cartilage that attaches to the sternum

55
Q

what are the false ribs

A

8-10

56
Q

where do the false ribs attach

A

costal cartilage for rib 7

57
Q

where does the costal cartilage for the false ribs attach to

A

the cartilage of the rib above it

58
Q

which are the floating ribs

A

11-12

59
Q

how many vertebral bodies does the first rib articulate with

A

one

60
Q

how many bodies do ribs 2-8 articulate with

A

two

61
Q

are the ribs numbered for the superior or inferior vertebae

A

superior

62
Q

how many vertebrae do ribs 9-12 articulate with

A

one

63
Q

what transverse process do the ribs articulate with

A

the one they are numbered for

64
Q

what is unique about ribs 11 and 12

A

they do not articulate with the sternum

65
Q

head structure on a typical rib

A

articulates posteriorly with demifacets on the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae

66
Q

what are the names of the demi facets articulating with the ribs

A

superior demi facet and inferior demi facet

67
Q

what is the neck of the ribs

A

the space right below the head of the rib

68
Q

what is the tubercle of a typical rib

A

articulates posteriorly with transverse costal facet of same numbered thoracic vertebra

69
Q

where does the rib attach to the sternum

A

at the site of articulation with costal cartilage

70
Q

what is the “body” of the rib called

A

the shaft

71
Q

what are the three bones of the sternum

A

manubrium, body, and zyphoid process

72
Q

what does the sternum articulate with

A

ribs 1-7 and the clavicle

73
Q

is the clavicle part of the axial skeleton

A

no

74
Q

what is unique about the hyoid bone

A

it doesn’t articulate with another bones, it is held in place by muscle

75
Q

what is the joint between the manubrium and the body of the sternum

A

manubriosternal joint

76
Q

what is the joint between the body and the xyphoid process

A

xyphisternal joint

77
Q

what level of the cervical vertebrae does the hyoid bone typically lie

A

C3

Osteology & Arthrology (5 decks)

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