Week 2 Flashcards
types of joints classified by type of material or manner in which bones are united
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
fibrous joints
immovable or partially movable
examples of fibrous joints
sutures in the skull
cartilaginous
partially movable
example of cartilaginous joints
vertebrae and some cranial sutures
synovial
freely movable
example of synovial joints
knee and finger joints
types of joints classified by functional use
synarthrosis, synchondrosis, diarthrosis
synarthosis
permits little or no mobility
what type of joints are synarthrotic
fibrous joints
synchondrosis
permits slight mobility
what types of joints are synchondrosis joints
cartilaginous joints
diarthrosis
freely movable joints
what type of joints are diarthrotic
synovial joints
how are fibrous joints held together
fibrous connective tissue. No cavity or space present between the bones (think sutures)
what are the three types of fibrous joints
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses (attach tooth to socket)
where are sutures found
in the skull. hold skull bones in place
where are syndesmoses found
tibia and fibula
explain syndesmoses
joints in which bones are connected by a band of connective tissue allowing for more movement than a suture
where are gomphoses found
between the teeth and their sockets
what are the two types of cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis and symphses
what type of cartilage makes up synchondrosis cartilaginous joints
hyaline cartilage
where is synchondrosis cartilaginous joints found
epiphyseal plates of growing bones in children
what type of cartilage makes up symphyses cartilaginous joints
hyaline cartilage over the end of the bone but connection between bones in fibrocartilage
where are symphyses cartilaginous joints found
at the joints between the vertebrae and between the pubic bones
what joints have space between adjoining bones
synovial joints
what is another name for synovial joints
diarthrosis joints
what are synovial cavities filled with
synovial fluid
what does synovial fluid do
lubricates the joint, reducing friction
what type of cartilage covers the ends of bones
hyaline cartilage
what makes a joint weaker
increased mobility
how many types of synovial joints are there
six
gliding joint AKA plane joint
allow for smooth movement in several directions along a place or other smooth surface. two plates sliding across each other
where are gliding joints found
carpal bones of the wrist form a GLIDING SYNOVIAL JOINT
condyloid joint
similar to gliding joints but have an irregular surface. think two bowls nestled together
where are condyloid joints found
metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand and radio-carpal joint of the wrist
saddle joints
two bones that fit together in a manner similar to a rider in a saddle, allows for bending motion in several directions without sliding
where are saddle joints found
carpal-metacarpal joint of the thumb
hinge joints
allows for stable flexion and extension without sliding or deviation
where are hinge joints found
elbow joint between humerus and ulna
ball and socket joint
allows for stable movement in several directions without slippage
where are ball and socket joints found
hip joint aka femur acetabulum
pivot joints
where rotational motion occurs without gliding movement, this type of joint allows for turning motions without sideways displacement or bending
where are pivot joints found
between the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas-axis) and the proximal ends radius and ulna
the cranium is divided into two portions, what are they
neurocranium and viscerocranium
what does the neurocranium surround
the brain
what was the neurocranium formed from
mesenchyme for the neural crest
what is the viscerocranium
face
where was the viscerocranium derived from
mesenchyme from the pharyngeal arches
can bones be part of both the neuro and viscero cranium
yes
what is the difference between the cranium and the skull
the cranium does not contain the mandible, the skull does
what bones make up the neurocranium
ethmoid, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, parietal, and temporal
how many bones make up the neurocranium
eight
what is a pneumatized bone
contains air spaces, usually for sinuses
what bones are pneumatized
frontal, ethmoid, temporal, sphenoid
what are the three sections of the cranial base
anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior
what makes up the anterior cranial fossa
frontal bone, ethmoid bone, lesser wing, and body of the sphenoid bone
what makes up the middle cranial fossa
the sphenoidal crest of the lesser wing anterior, the superior crest of the petrous pyramid of the temporal bone
what two bones make up the middle cranial fossa
sphenoid and temporal
what makes up the posterior aspect of the cranial base
occipital bone, dorsum sellae, petrous pyramid, and mastoid portion of the temporal bone
what bones make up the viscerocranium
frontal, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxillary, ethmoid, palatine, vomer, and mandible
which bone is not always considered a cranial bone
mandible
what bones contain sinuses in the viscerocranium
frontal, maxillary, ethmoid
what is a cranial buttress
pillars that are formed by thickened cranial bones that allow forces to by pass the orbits and nasal cavity
cranial buttress on the viscerocranium
nasomaxillary and zygomaticomaxillary
cranial buttress on the neurocranium
occipital
what are masticatory plates
cranial buttresses on the mandible and maxillary bones for tooth articulation
-pterygomaxallary
-vertical mandible
what do the cranial buttress represent
the mechanical support of the face as distributed by the bones
what are articulations between mature cranial bones called
sutures
what are articulations between cranial bones at birth called
fontanels
what are the four fontanels at birth
anterior, posterior, sphenoid, and mastoid
are sutures of the cranium movable?
semi-movable
what do most chiropractors consider the cranial joints to be classified as
synchondrosis
coronal suture of the cranium
between the frontal bone anteriorly and the two parietal bones posteriorly
sagittal suture of the cranium
between the two parietal bones
lambdoidal suture of the cranium
separates the parietal bones anteriorly from the occipital bone posteriorly
squamosal suture
separates the parietal and temporal bones
metopic suture
found in frontal bones in INFANT
basilar suture
cartilaginous suture between the anterior of the basilar oirtion of the occiput and the posterior of sphenoid
what are wormian bones
intra sutural bones that occur within the a suture in the cranium
where do wormian bones most frequently occur
in the lambdoidal suture, occasionally within the sagittal and coronal
what can wormian bones indicate
certain pathology
osteogenesis imperfect
brittle bone disease associated with wormian bones
rickets
soft bones associated with wormian bones
Menke’s syndrome
genetic condition that affects copper storage “brittle hair disease” associated with wormian bones
cleidocranial dystosis
affects growth of clavicles facial bones and teeth
associated with wormian bones
hypothyroidism
decreased metabolic function associated with wormian bones
hypophosphatasia
genetic affects bone mineralization
associated with wormian bones
down syndrome
chromosomal disorder associated with wormian bones
