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Osteology & Arthrology > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

types of joints classified by type of material or manner in which bones are united

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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1
Q

fibrous joints

A

immovable or partially movable

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2
Q

examples of fibrous joints

A

sutures in the skull

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3
Q

cartilaginous

A

partially movable

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4
Q

example of cartilaginous joints

A

vertebrae and some cranial sutures

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5
Q

synovial

A

freely movable

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6
Q

example of synovial joints

A

knee and finger joints

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7
Q

types of joints classified by functional use

A

synarthrosis, synchondrosis, diarthrosis

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8
Q

synarthosis

A

permits little or no mobility

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9
Q

what type of joints are synarthrotic

A

fibrous joints

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10
Q

synchondrosis

A

permits slight mobility

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11
Q

what types of joints are synchondrosis joints

A

cartilaginous joints

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12
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely movable joints

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13
Q

what type of joints are diarthrotic

A

synovial joints

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14
Q

how are fibrous joints held together

A

fibrous connective tissue. No cavity or space present between the bones (think sutures)

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15
Q

what are the three types of fibrous joints

A

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses (attach tooth to socket)

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16
Q

where are sutures found

A

in the skull. hold skull bones in place

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17
Q

where are syndesmoses found

A

tibia and fibula

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18
Q

explain syndesmoses

A

joints in which bones are connected by a band of connective tissue allowing for more movement than a suture

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19
Q

where are gomphoses found

A

between the teeth and their sockets

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20
Q

what are the two types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis and symphses

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21
Q

what type of cartilage makes up synchondrosis cartilaginous joints

A

hyaline cartilage

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22
Q

where is synchondrosis cartilaginous joints found

A

epiphyseal plates of growing bones in children

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23
Q

what type of cartilage makes up symphyses cartilaginous joints

A

hyaline cartilage over the end of the bone but connection between bones in fibrocartilage

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24
where are symphyses cartilaginous joints found
at the joints between the vertebrae and between the pubic bones
25
what joints have space between adjoining bones
synovial joints
26
what is another name for synovial joints
diarthrosis joints
27
what are synovial cavities filled with
synovial fluid
28
what does synovial fluid do
lubricates the joint, reducing friction
29
what type of cartilage covers the ends of bones
hyaline cartilage
30
what makes a joint weaker
increased mobility
31
how many types of synovial joints are there
six
32
gliding joint AKA plane joint
allow for smooth movement in several directions along a place or other smooth surface. two plates sliding across each other
33
where are gliding joints found
carpal bones of the wrist form a GLIDING SYNOVIAL JOINT
34
condyloid joint
similar to gliding joints but have an irregular surface. think two bowls nestled together
35
where are condyloid joints found
metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand and radio-carpal joint of the wrist
36
saddle joints
two bones that fit together in a manner similar to a rider in a saddle, allows for bending motion in several directions without sliding
37
where are saddle joints found
carpal-metacarpal joint of the thumb
38
hinge joints
allows for stable flexion and extension without sliding or deviation
39
where are hinge joints found
elbow joint between humerus and ulna
40
ball and socket joint
allows for stable movement in several directions without slippage
41
where are ball and socket joints found
hip joint aka femur acetabulum
42
pivot joints
where rotational motion occurs without gliding movement, this type of joint allows for turning motions without sideways displacement or bending
43
where are pivot joints found
between the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas-axis) and the proximal ends radius and ulna
44
the cranium is divided into two portions, what are they
neurocranium and viscerocranium
45
what does the neurocranium surround
the brain
46
what was the neurocranium formed from
mesenchyme for the neural crest
47
what is the viscerocranium
face
48
where was the viscerocranium derived from
mesenchyme from the pharyngeal arches
49
can bones be part of both the neuro and viscero cranium
yes
50
what is the difference between the cranium and the skull
the cranium does not contain the mandible, the skull does
51
what bones make up the neurocranium
ethmoid, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, parietal, and temporal
52
how many bones make up the neurocranium
eight
53
what is a pneumatized bone
contains air spaces, usually for sinuses
54
what bones are pneumatized
frontal, ethmoid, temporal, sphenoid
55
what are the three sections of the cranial base
anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior
56
what makes up the anterior cranial fossa
frontal bone, ethmoid bone, lesser wing, and body of the sphenoid bone
57
what makes up the middle cranial fossa
the sphenoidal crest of the lesser wing anterior, the superior crest of the petrous pyramid of the temporal bone
58
what two bones make up the middle cranial fossa
sphenoid and temporal
59
what makes up the posterior aspect of the cranial base
occipital bone, dorsum sellae, petrous pyramid, and mastoid portion of the temporal bone
60
what bones make up the viscerocranium
frontal, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxillary, ethmoid, palatine, vomer, and mandible
61
which bone is not always considered a cranial bone
mandible
62
what bones contain sinuses in the viscerocranium
frontal, maxillary, ethmoid
63
what is a cranial buttress
pillars that are formed by thickened cranial bones that allow forces to by pass the orbits and nasal cavity
64
cranial buttress on the viscerocranium
nasomaxillary and zygomaticomaxillary
65
cranial buttress on the neurocranium
occipital
66
what are masticatory plates
cranial buttresses on the mandible and maxillary bones for tooth articulation -pterygomaxallary -vertical mandible
67
what do the cranial buttress represent
the mechanical support of the face as distributed by the bones
68
what are articulations between mature cranial bones called
sutures
69
what are articulations between cranial bones at birth called
fontanels
70
what are the four fontanels at birth
anterior, posterior, sphenoid, and mastoid
71
are sutures of the cranium movable?
semi-movable
72
what do most chiropractors consider the cranial joints to be classified as
synchondrosis
73
coronal suture of the cranium
between the frontal bone anteriorly and the two parietal bones posteriorly
74
sagittal suture of the cranium
between the two parietal bones
75
lambdoidal suture of the cranium
separates the parietal bones anteriorly from the occipital bone posteriorly
76
squamosal suture
separates the parietal and temporal bones
77
metopic suture
found in frontal bones in INFANT
78
basilar suture
cartilaginous suture between the anterior of the basilar oirtion of the occiput and the posterior of sphenoid
79
what are wormian bones
intra sutural bones that occur within the a suture in the cranium
80
where do wormian bones most frequently occur
in the lambdoidal suture, occasionally within the sagittal and coronal
81
what can wormian bones indicate
certain pathology
82
osteogenesis imperfect
brittle bone disease associated with wormian bones
83
rickets
soft bones associated with wormian bones
84
Menke's syndrome
genetic condition that affects copper storage "brittle hair disease" associated with wormian bones
85
cleidocranial dystosis
affects growth of clavicles facial bones and teeth associated with wormian bones
86
hypothyroidism
decreased metabolic function associated with wormian bones
87
hypophosphatasia
genetic affects bone mineralization associated with wormian bones
88
down syndrome
chromosomal disorder associated with wormian bones

Osteology & Arthrology (5 decks)

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