Week 1

Question 1

what is osteology

Answer 1

the study of bones, joints, and associated connective tissue

Question 2

anatomical planes - median plane

Answer 2

a vertical plane passing through the body dividing it into EQUAL left and right sides

Question 3

anatomical planes - sagittal plane

Answer 3

vertical plane passing through the body parallel to the median plane - left and right

Question 4

anatomical planes - frontal plane

Answer 4

vertical plane passing through the body dividing the body into front and back (anterior and posterior) AKA coronal plane

Question 5

anatomical planes - transverse plane

Answer 5

passes through the body at right angles to the median and frontal plane. Divides the body into top and bottom (superior and inferior)
AKA transverse plane or trans axial plane

Question 6

unilateral

Answer 6

occurs just one side of the body (ex: spleen, liver, appendix)

Question 7

ipsilateral

Answer 7

two separate structures on the same side of the body

Question 8

contralateral

Answer 8

two separate structures on opposite sides of the body

Question 9

cephalad

Answer 9

towards the head

Question 10

caudal

Answer 10

towards the tail

Question 11

supine position

Answer 11

palms up, face up
asking for soup

Question 12

prone position

Answer 12

face down, palms down

Question 13

anatomical position

Answer 13

body in the supine position with palms facing upwards, toes facing upward, and (male) penis points cephalad because the penis is considered in the erect position

Question 14

functions of the skeleton

Answer 14

support, protection, movement, mineral storage and homeostasis, hematopoiesis

Question 15

erythropoiesis

Answer 15

RBC production

Question 16

what are the two divisions of the adult skeleton

Answer 16

axial and appendicular

Question 17

how many bones in the skull

Answer 17

28

Question 18

how many hyoid bones are there

Answer 18

one

Question 19

how many bones in the rib cage

Answer 19

25

Question 20

how many bones in the vertebral column

Answer 20

26
C7
T12
L5
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 21

how many bones in the upper limb and pectoral girdle

Answer 21

64

Question 22

how many bones in the lower limb and pelvic girdle

Answer 22

62

Question 23

how are bones identified

Answer 23

by how they are formed

Question 24

examples of long bones

Answer 24

humerus, femur

Question 25

examples of short bones

Answer 25

carpals and tarsals

Question 26

examples of flat bones

Answer 26

cranium

Question 27

examples of irregular bones

Answer 27

vertebrae and facial bones

Question 28

example of sesamoid bones

Answer 28

patella

Question 29

what affects bone surface markings

Answer 29

attachment of tendons and muscle fascia, when an artery is adjacent to a bone, when a structure passes through a bone, the type/ direction of movement of a bone

Question 30

metaphysis

Answer 30

mature part of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
becomes the epiphyseal growth plate

Question 31

what is the periosteum

Answer 31

a dense white fibrous covering surrounding the bone

Question 32

where is periosteum found

Answer 32

In all bones

Question 33

how many layers are there in the periosteum

Answer 33

two

Question 34

describe the layers of the periosteum

Answer 34

outer fibrous layer contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

inner osteogenic layer contains elastic fibers, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and blood vessels for bone growth and repair

Question 35

what does the periosteum attach to

Answer 35

ligaments and tendons

Question 36

anatomy of a lone bone- marrow cavity

Answer 36

located in the diaphysis of a long bone, it contains bone marrow
yellow marrow for fat and RBC formation

Question 37

anatomy of a long bone - endosteum

Answer 37

located in the diaphysis of a long bone, it lines the marrow cavity and contains osteoblasts and some osteoclasts
**think wallpaper of a room

Question 38

what type of bone is found on the outer edges of a long bone diaphysis

Answer 38

compact bone