Week 1 Flashcards
what is osteology
the study of bones, joints, and associated connective tissue
anatomical planes - median plane
a vertical plane passing through the body dividing it into EQUAL left and right sides
anatomical planes - sagittal plane
vertical plane passing through the body parallel to the median plane - left and right
anatomical planes - frontal plane
vertical plane passing through the body dividing the body into front and back (anterior and posterior) AKA coronal plane
anatomical planes - transverse plane
passes through the body at right angles to the median and frontal plane. Divides the body into top and bottom (superior and inferior)
AKA transverse plane or trans axial plane
unilateral
occurs just one side of the body (ex: spleen, liver, appendix)
ipsilateral
two separate structures on the same side of the body
contralateral
two separate structures on opposite sides of the body
cephalad
towards the head
caudal
towards the tail
supine position
palms up, face up
asking for soup
prone position
face down, palms down
anatomical position
body in the supine position with palms facing upwards, toes facing upward, and (male) penis points cephalad because the penis is considered in the erect position
functions of the skeleton
support, protection, movement, mineral storage and homeostasis, hematopoiesis
erythropoiesis
RBC production
what are the two divisions of the adult skeleton
axial and appendicular
how many bones in the skull
28
how many hyoid bones are there
one
how many bones in the rib cage
25
how many bones in the vertebral column
26
C7
T12
L5
Sacrum
Coccyx
how many bones in the upper limb and pectoral girdle
64
how many bones in the lower limb and pelvic girdle
62
how are bones identified
by how they are formed
examples of long bones
humerus, femur
examples of short bones
carpals and tarsals
examples of flat bones
cranium
examples of irregular bones
vertebrae and facial bones
example of sesamoid bones
patella
what affects bone surface markings
attachment of tendons and muscle fascia, when an artery is adjacent to a bone, when a structure passes through a bone, the type/ direction of movement of a bone
metaphysis
mature part of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
becomes the epiphyseal growth plate
what is the periosteum
a dense white fibrous covering surrounding the bone
where is periosteum found
In all bones
how many layers are there in the periosteum
two
describe the layers of the periosteum
outer fibrous layer contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
inner osteogenic layer contains elastic fibers, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and blood vessels for bone growth and repair
what does the periosteum attach to
ligaments and tendons
anatomy of a lone bone- marrow cavity
located in the diaphysis of a long bone, it contains bone marrow
yellow marrow for fat and RBC formation
anatomy of a long bone - endosteum
located in the diaphysis of a long bone, it lines the marrow cavity and contains osteoblasts and some osteoclasts
**think wallpaper of a room
what type of bone is found on the outer edges of a long bone diaphysis
compact bone
