Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of aphasia

A

Acquired communication disorder caused by brain damage.

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2
Q

What does aphasia impair?

A

4 modalities:
Speaking
Writing
Reading
Listening

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3
Q

Language region =

A

perisylvian region

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4
Q

Aphasia is …

A

Neurogenic
Acquired
Can happen across lifespan
Can also have problems such as dysarthria, apraxia, or dysphagia.

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5
Q

Etiology of aphasia

A

Stroke (most common)
Head injury
Neoplastic growth/cerebral tumor
infection/inflammation

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6
Q

Neuroplasticity definition

A

Brains ability to modify, change and adapt both structure and function throughout life in response to an experience.

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7
Q

What does the nervous system respond to?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, functions and connection.

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8
Q

___ drives ___

A

Neuro plasticity drives behavioral change and behavioral change drives neuroplasticity.

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9
Q

Different types of Neuroplasticity:

A

Developmental
Injury induced
Treatment induced

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10
Q

Diaschisis

A

Sudden loss of function in a portion of the brain connected to, but remote distance away from, a damaged area.

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11
Q

Injury-induced neuroplasticity

A

Brain compensates for damage by reorganizing and forming new connections between intact neurons.
Requires repeated stimulation and opportunities for learning.

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12
Q

Chronic aphasia

A

Language recovery continues after initial 6-9 months post onset, it is just slower.

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13
Q

Rerouting

A

Re-establish an existing nervous connection via and alternative neural pathway.
The secondary pathway becomes the new primary pathway.

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14
Q

Resprouting

A

Growth of a new axon or dendrite fibers to enable new neural connections to be formed.

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15
Q

Pros of neuroplasticity rehab

A

Recruitment of different or remote neural circuits allows a given behavior to occur in a different way.

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16
Q

Cons of neuroplasticity rehab

A

The reorganization may inhibit the potential for restoration of the damaged neural circuit.

17
Q

What is Recovery?

A

Resume normal activities even though there may be neurological and psychosocial deficits.
Lost function is restored.

18
Q

Compensation:

A

use of a new strategy to perform the same task

19
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

Occurs withing the first 6-8 weeks after the stroke depending on etiology, size and location.
Progress is more rapid in the first 3 months

20
Q

Role of the right hemisphere during recovery

A

Can take over SOME linguistic functions after LH stroke. It involves learning, not just a reaction but does not guarantee significant improvement.

21
Q

Aphasia Recovery can improve with…

A

appropriate and REPEATED stimulus.

22
Q

Can aphasia cause deterioration?

A

No, that is due to a new medical issue.

23
Q

Verbal (auditory) Comprehension Deficits

A

Comprised ability to comprehend verbal language.
Auditory comprehension involves self monitoring and correction, so if its poor, you cannot self monitor

24
Q

Mild VCD

A

Have no or mild difficulty interacting socially.
Understand or correctly guess the meaning of linguistic messages.
Difficulty with lengthy or detail-heavy utterance.

25
Severe VCD
Lack the ability to understand a single word.
26
Anomia
A core symptom across all types of aphasia. Problem recalling words or names or finding the appropriate word to indentify and object or person. Greated than normal word retrieval problem.
27
Circumlocution
Know what you want to say but cannot find the words. Indirect roundabout language to describe a word or concept.
28
3 types of Paraphasia
Phonemic/Literal Semantic/Verbal Neologistic/Neologism
29
Phonemic/Literal Paraphasia
Speech errors are unrelated to motor deficits and linked to higher language-level deficits. Syllables, words, or phrases are unintentionally produced by and individual with aphasia.
30
Semantic/Verbal Paraphasia
There is a semantic relationship between the target word and the error word. e.g. cup/glass or juice/milk
31
Neologistic Paraphasia/Neologism
A non-word substitution