Week 3

Question 1

Definition of aphasia

Answer 1

Acquired communication disorder caused by brain damage.

Question 2

What does aphasia impair?

Answer 2

4 modalities:
Speaking
Writing
Reading
Listening

Question 3

Language region =

Answer 3

perisylvian region

Question 4

Aphasia is …

Answer 4

Neurogenic
Acquired
Can happen across lifespan
Can also have problems such as dysarthria, apraxia, or dysphagia.

Question 5

Etiology of aphasia

Answer 5

Stroke (most common)
Head injury
Neoplastic growth/cerebral tumor
infection/inflammation

Question 6

Neuroplasticity definition

Answer 6

Brains ability to modify, change and adapt both structure and function throughout life in response to an experience.

Question 7

What does the nervous system respond to?

Answer 7

Intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, functions and connection.

Question 8

___ drives ___

Answer 8

Neuro plasticity drives behavioral change and behavioral change drives neuroplasticity.

Question 9

Different types of Neuroplasticity:

Answer 9

Developmental
Injury induced
Treatment induced

Question 10

Diaschisis

Answer 10

Sudden loss of function in a portion of the brain connected to, but remote distance away from, a damaged area.

Question 11

Injury-induced neuroplasticity

Answer 11

Brain compensates for damage by reorganizing and forming new connections between intact neurons.
Requires repeated stimulation and opportunities for learning.

Question 12

Chronic aphasia

Answer 12

Language recovery continues after initial 6-9 months post onset, it is just slower.

Question 13

Rerouting

Answer 13

Re-establish an existing nervous connection via and alternative neural pathway.
The secondary pathway becomes the new primary pathway.

Question 14

Resprouting

Answer 14

Growth of a new axon or dendrite fibers to enable new neural connections to be formed.

Question 15

Pros of neuroplasticity rehab

Answer 15

Recruitment of different or remote neural circuits allows a given behavior to occur in a different way.

Question 16

Cons of neuroplasticity rehab

Answer 16

The reorganization may inhibit the potential for restoration of the damaged neural circuit.

Question 17

What is Recovery?

Answer 17

Resume normal activities even though there may be neurological and psychosocial deficits.
Lost function is restored.

Question 18

Compensation:

Answer 18

use of a new strategy to perform the same task

Question 19

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 19

Occurs withing the first 6-8 weeks after the stroke depending on etiology, size and location.
Progress is more rapid in the first 3 months

Question 20

Role of the right hemisphere during recovery

Answer 20

Can take over SOME linguistic functions after LH stroke. It involves learning, not just a reaction but does not guarantee significant improvement.

Question 21

Aphasia Recovery can improve with…

Answer 21

appropriate and REPEATED stimulus.

Question 22

Can aphasia cause deterioration?

Answer 22

No, that is due to a new medical issue.

Question 23

Verbal (auditory) Comprehension Deficits

Answer 23

Comprised ability to comprehend verbal language.
Auditory comprehension involves self monitoring and correction, so if its poor, you cannot self monitor

Question 24

Mild VCD

Answer 24

Have no or mild difficulty interacting socially.
Understand or correctly guess the meaning of linguistic messages.
Difficulty with lengthy or detail-heavy utterance.

Question 25

Severe VCD

Answer 25

Lack the ability to understand a single word.

Question 26

Anomia

Answer 26

A core symptom across all types of aphasia.
Problem recalling words or names or finding the appropriate word to indentify and object or person.
Greated than normal word retrieval problem.

Question 27

Circumlocution

Answer 27

Know what you want to say but cannot find the words.
Indirect roundabout language to describe a word or concept.

Question 28

3 types of Paraphasia

Answer 28

Phonemic/Literal
Semantic/Verbal
Neologistic/Neologism

Question 29

Phonemic/Literal Paraphasia

Answer 29

Speech errors are unrelated to motor deficits and linked to higher language-level deficits.
Syllables, words, or phrases are unintentionally produced by and individual with aphasia.

Question 30

Semantic/Verbal Paraphasia

Answer 30

There is a semantic relationship between the target word and the error word.
e.g. cup/glass or juice/milk

Question 31

Neologistic Paraphasia/Neologism

Answer 31

A non-word substitution