Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive communication disorder

A

Impaired cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aphasia (type of disorder)

A

Language Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Apraxia of Speech (type of disorder)

A

Motor planning disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dysarthria (type of disorder)

A

Motor programming disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neurons and what they do.

A

Fundamental units of the nervous system.
Receive sensory input, sends motor commands, transforming and relaying the electrical signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 main parts of a neuron

A

dendrites, axon, cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dendrite (function)

A

gets the signals from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Axon (function)

A

sends the signal to the next neuron. covered in myelin sheath to help with signal transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell Body (function)

A

processes the signal received from the dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parts of the CNS

A

brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem)
spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parts of the PNS

A

Cranial nerves (12), spinal nerves (31)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Damage to the CNS causes…

A

Apraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Damage to the PNS results in…

A

Dysarthria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Role of cerebrum(brain)

A

Controls every high function in the brain. It is the hard drive that saves everything.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the brain contain?

A

2 hemispheres, 4(5) lobes, 3 meningeal linings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 meningeal layers and what they do.

A

Meninges protect and hold the shape of the brain.
Dura (outer most layer)
Arachnoid (middle layer)
Pia Mater (inner most layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Role of the CSF

A

protection, nutrients, gets rid of waste. Replenishes every 4-6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain neuroplasticity

A

Once neurons die, they cannot heal. This is the training of surviving neurons to take on new functions. If we don’t do therapy and they have nothing to do, they also die.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gray Matter (aka …)

A

Cerebral Cortex
Full of neuron cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

White Matter

A

Area full of axons.

21
Q

Gray vs. White Matter
Damage to which is worse

A

Gray matter bc it contains all the cell bodies that process info and they cannot regenerate once damaged. Axons in white matter can.

22
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

take out fluid from the CSF to tell how healthy someone is

23
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

too much CSF in the brain which increases pressure

24
Q

Cerebellum functions

A

controls balance and coordination of movement. Very sensitive to alcohol

25
Lobes of the Brain
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Insular
26
Frontal Lobe primary function
voluntary movements and executive functions
27
Important structures of Frontal Lobe
Primary Motor Cortex Prefrontal Cortex Broca's Area
28
Primary Motor Cortex
Initiates voluntary movement More practice = more neurons trained to do certain movements
29
Prefrontal Cortex
Important for attention, working memory, and executive function. Also include behaviors, judgement and emotional response
30
Broca's Area
Located in inferior gyrus of the dominant hemisphere. Important for verbal expression (production of fluent and well articulated speech)
31
Nearby Areas of Broca's help with
planning and organizing speech movement.
32
Parietal Lobe
Somatic body sense Integrating info related to visual, auditory and somatic senses Make sense of our environment.
33
Important portions of Parietal Lobe
Primary Somatosensory Cortex Angular Gyrus Supramarginal Gyrus
34
Angular Gyrus
Comprehension of written material. Combines the visual info with the meaning of the language. Important for reading.
35
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
primary site of somatosensory input, receiving sensory info.
36
Supramarginal Gyrus
Plays a role in phonological processing of spoken and written language, and emotional responses.
37
Temporal Lobe
hearing, analysis of auditory signals, memory foundations. Auditory Comprehension
38
Important structures of Temporal Lobe
Middle Temporal Gyrus Primary Auditory Cortex Wernickes Area
39
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Important for forming new memories and higher-level information processing
40
Primary Auditory Cortex
Organized according to the frequency of sound. Process what is important (phone ping, sirens etc.)
41
Wernicke's Area
Posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus. Language comprehension and processing speech and language decoding.
42
Occipital Lobe
Vision and higher-level processing. No sulci, only invisible line.
43
Primary Visual Cortex
primary hub receiving visual stimuli and sorts it
44
Insular
Involves consciousness and regulation of emotions and homeostasis. Folded within lateral sulcus Helps verbal production, Broca's area and speech movements and well-articulated fluent speech.
45
Sulci/Fissures of the Brain
Lateral Fissure(separates frontal and parietal from temporal) Central Sulcus (separates frontal and parietal) Longitudinal Fissure (separates hemispheres)
46
Broca's Brodmann number
44 and 45
47
Wernickes Brodmann number
22
48
Insular Lobe
Supports Broca's for fluent speech
49