Week 1

Question 1

Cognitive communication disorder

Answer 1

Impaired cognition

Question 2

Aphasia (type of disorder)

Answer 2

Language Disorder

Question 3

Apraxia of Speech (type of disorder)

Answer 3

Motor planning disorder

Question 4

Dysarthria (type of disorder)

Answer 4

Motor programming disorder

Question 5

Neurons and what they do.

Answer 5

Fundamental units of the nervous system.
Receive sensory input, sends motor commands, transforming and relaying the electrical signal

Question 6

3 main parts of a neuron

Answer 6

dendrites, axon, cell body

Question 7

Dendrite (function)

Answer 7

gets the signals from other neurons

Question 8

Axon (function)

Answer 8

sends the signal to the next neuron. covered in myelin sheath to help with signal transmission.

Question 9

Cell Body (function)

Answer 9

processes the signal received from the dendrite

Question 10

Parts of the CNS

Answer 10

brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem)
spinal cord

Question 11

Parts of the PNS

Answer 11

Cranial nerves (12), spinal nerves (31)

Question 12

Damage to the CNS causes…

Answer 12

Apraxia

Question 13

Damage to the PNS results in…

Answer 13

Dysarthria

Question 14

Role of cerebrum(brain)

Answer 14

Controls every high function in the brain. It is the hard drive that saves everything.

Question 15

What does the brain contain?

Answer 15

2 hemispheres, 4(5) lobes, 3 meningeal linings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 16

3 meningeal layers and what they do.

Answer 16

Meninges protect and hold the shape of the brain.
Dura (outer most layer)
Arachnoid (middle layer)
Pia Mater (inner most layer)

Question 17

Role of the CSF

Answer 17

protection, nutrients, gets rid of waste. Replenishes every 4-6 hours

Question 18

Explain neuroplasticity

Answer 18

Once neurons die, they cannot heal. This is the training of surviving neurons to take on new functions. If we don’t do therapy and they have nothing to do, they also die.

Question 19

Gray Matter (aka …)

Answer 19

Cerebral Cortex
Full of neuron cell bodies

Question 20

White Matter

Answer 20

Area full of axons.

Question 21

Gray vs. White Matter
Damage to which is worse

Answer 21

Gray matter bc it contains all the cell bodies that process info and they cannot regenerate once damaged. Axons in white matter can.

Question 22

Lumbar Puncture

Answer 22

take out fluid from the CSF to tell how healthy someone is

Question 23

Hydrocephalus

Answer 23

too much CSF in the brain which increases pressure

Question 24

Cerebellum functions

Answer 24

controls balance and coordination of movement. Very sensitive to alcohol

Question 25

Lobes of the Brain

Answer 25

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Insular

Question 26

Frontal Lobe primary function

Answer 26

voluntary movements and executive functions

Question 27

Important structures of Frontal Lobe

Answer 27

Primary Motor Cortex
Prefrontal Cortex
Broca’s Area

Question 28

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 28

Initiates voluntary movement
More practice = more neurons trained to do certain movements

Question 29

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 29

Important for attention, working memory, and executive function. Also include behaviors, judgement and emotional response

Question 30

Broca’s Area

Answer 30

Located in inferior gyrus of the dominant hemisphere.
Important for verbal expression (production of fluent and well articulated speech)

Question 31

Nearby Areas of Broca’s help with

Answer 31

planning and organizing speech movement.

Question 32

Parietal Lobe

Answer 32

Somatic body sense
Integrating info related to visual, auditory and somatic senses
Make sense of our environment.

Question 33

Important portions of Parietal Lobe

Answer 33

Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Angular Gyrus
Supramarginal Gyrus

Question 34

Angular Gyrus

Answer 34

Comprehension of written material.
Combines the visual info with the meaning of the language.
Important for reading.

Question 35

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 35

primary site of somatosensory input, receiving sensory info.

Question 36

Supramarginal Gyrus

Answer 36

Plays a role in phonological processing of spoken and written language, and emotional responses.

Question 37

Temporal Lobe

Answer 37

hearing, analysis of auditory signals, memory foundations.
Auditory Comprehension

Question 38

Important structures of Temporal Lobe

Answer 38

Middle Temporal Gyrus
Primary Auditory Cortex
Wernickes Area

Question 39

Middle Temporal Gyrus

Answer 39

Important for forming new memories and higher-level information processing

Question 40

Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 40

Organized according to the frequency of sound.
Process what is important (phone ping, sirens etc.)

Question 41

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 41

Posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus.
Language comprehension and processing speech and language decoding.

Question 42

Occipital Lobe

Answer 42

Vision and higher-level processing.
No sulci, only invisible line.

Question 43

Primary Visual Cortex

Answer 43

primary hub receiving visual stimuli and sorts it

Question 44

Insular

Answer 44

Involves consciousness and regulation of emotions and homeostasis.
Folded within lateral sulcus
Helps verbal production, Broca’s area and speech movements and well-articulated fluent speech.

Question 45

Sulci/Fissures of the Brain

Answer 45

Lateral Fissure(separates frontal and parietal from temporal)
Central Sulcus (separates frontal and parietal)
Longitudinal Fissure (separates hemispheres)

Question 46

Broca’s Brodmann number

Answer 46

44 and 45

Question 47

Wernickes Brodmann number

Answer 47

22

Question 48

Insular Lobe

Answer 48

Supports Broca’s for fluent speech