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SLP 665 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hallmark symptom of aphasia?

A

Word retrieval.
Unable to retrieve the target words and cannot put them together in the right order.

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2
Q

Lateral Fissure (aka…)

A

Sylvian Fissure/Sulcus

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3
Q

Perisylvian Region

A

Area surrounding lateral fissure
Covers and includes Broca’s and Wernickes in the dominant hemisphere.
This is the language region.

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4
Q

Anterior Language Region

A

Left frontal lobe
Planning and organizing speech action
Controls muscles in speech production
Heart of the region: Brocas

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5
Q

Posterior Language Region

A

Temporal and Parietal Lobe
Comprehension and linguistic messages with appropriate syntax and semantic content.
Storage and retrieval of words
Heart of region: Wernickes

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6
Q

Axon is covered by…

A

myelin

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7
Q

Function of Myelinated Axon Fibers

A

Connect different structures.
Makes up communication links between neurons.

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8
Q

3 basic types of myelinated fibers

A

Projection Fibers
Association Fibers
Commissural Fibers

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9
Q

Projection Fibers

A

Connect the cortex with distant locations
Can go far (ie to spinal cord)

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10
Q

Corona Radiata

A

Projection Fibers
Tracts running from cortex to brainstem and spinal cord.

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11
Q

Association Fibers

A

Provide Communication between regions of the same hemisphere.
Stays within the cerebrum, within lobe or between lobes

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12
Q

Short Association

A

stays within the lobe

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13
Q

Long Association

A

Connects between the lobes

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14
Q

Arcuate Fasciculus

A

connects Broca’s area to Wernickes area.

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15
Q

Damage to arcuate fasciculus

A

Can’t do repetition.
Can understand and can say some words.
Cannot recode and repeat.

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16
Q

Damage to Broca’s

A

Comprehension good but struggle to say words

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17
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s

A

Can say words that don’t make sense but trouble with understanding

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18
Q

Commissural Fibers

A

Connects one location of a hemisphere to the corresponding location of the other hemisphere.
eg. corpus callosum

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19
Q

Subcortex

A

Collection of gray matter inferior to the cerebral Cortex
Contributes to language and comprehension.

20
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Collection of neurons that control movement and patterns.
Damage can cause dysarthria.

21
Q

Limbic System

A

Major structure: hippocampus
Mediates long-term memory, feeling, emotion and desire to say something.
Participates in vocal control. (ie. if its messed up, how you say something won’t match the meaning)

22
Q

Diencephalon

A

Major structures: thalamus and hypothalamus

23
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay center of all sensory information of cerebral cortex.
Processed here before sent to cortex.
Important for consciousness, attention, and memory

24
Q

Structures of Subcortex

A

Basal Ganglia
Limbic System
Diencephalon

25
Q

Cerebrovascular Supply

A

Blood supply to the brain that brings oxygen, nutrients, and rids waste. Neurons die without blood

26
Q

2 arterial systems bringing blood to the brain

A

Carotid System
Vertebral-Basilar System

27
Q

Carotid System

A

Internal carotid artery joins Circle of Willis then splits to become anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA)

28
Q

Vertebral-Basilar System

A

2 vertebral arteries merge to form the basal artery. Then continues to form the posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

29
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Connects the carotid system with the vertebral-basilar system at the base of the brain

30
Q

Middle cerebral artery

A

Supplies oxygenated blood to the bulk of the lateral surface of the hemisphere and insular cortices
Largest cerebral artery and commonly affected by stroke
Perisylvian Region

31
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery

A

Supplies oxygenated blood to most medial portion of frontal and parietal lobes, most corpus callosum, anterior basal ganglia, and internal capsule

32
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery

A

supplies oxygenated blood to posterior aspect of the brain

33
Q

Stroke (CVA)

A

Brain damage cause by vascular disruption.
Affects arteries leading to and within the brain.
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
5th leading cause of death

34
Q

Warning signs of stroke

A

Sudden numbness, confusion, trouble seeing, walking, dizziness, severe headache.
FACE

35
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

Most common (80-85%)
Blood vessel is blocked often from atherosclerosis due to accumulation of lipids and fatty materials.

36
Q

2 Types of Obstructions

A

Thrombosis and Embolism

37
Q

Thrombosis

A

65% of strokes
Clot may form in an artery that is already narrow.
Thrombus completely blocks artery

38
Q

Embolism

A

25% of strokes
Clot may break off somewhere and travel up to brain to block a smaller artery

39
Q

Transient Ichemic Attack (TIA)

A

Episode of stroke-like symptoms and only lasts short amount of time.
Temporary interruption of blood supply.
High risk of a real stroke.

40
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

10-15% of strokes.
Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes weak and bursts open, causing blood to leak into the brain.

41
Q

Possible causes of hemorrhagic stroke

A

Weakened vessel walls
Traumatic injury to vessel
Fluctuation of blood pressure

42
Q

Locations of Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Extracerebral Hemorrhage

43
Q

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

A

Occurs when diseased blood vessel within brain bursts.
Can be due to Arteriovenous Malformation (AMV).

44
Q

Common site of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

A

basal ganglia
brainstem
cerebellum
thalamus

45
Q

Stroke Treatments

A

Acute Therapy
Endovascular Procedures
Chronic Therapy

46
Q

Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic
Which is worse?

A

Hemorrhagic

SLP 665 (4 decks)

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