Week 3 Flashcards
Causes of insomnia
- pain
- night shift work
- major life stressors
- psychiatric illnesses
Meds for insomnia
- antihistamines
- melatonin agents
- benzodiazepine
- miscellaneous antidepressants
- benzodiazepine-like drugs
Ramelteon activates ________
melatonin receptors
(don’t activate TM3, nonaddictive, don’t help with nighttime awakenings)
Tralzaone is _________
an antidepressants (strong sedative properties)
Benzodiazepines cause
physical dependence, addiction
Benzodiazepine like drugs
- Eszopiclone
- Zaleplon
- Zolpidem
Benzodiazepine 1 receptors activates _________
sleep or sedation
benzodiazepine 2 receptors cause
decrease in anxiety and stop seizure activity
Benzodiazepine drugs are CNS ______
depressants (cause daytime sleepiness and complex sleeping behaviors)
Lobes of the brain
- frontal lobe
- temporal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
Frontal lobe is the _____ of the brain
CEO
Limbic system controls
learning
memory
emotions
basic drives (hunger and sex)
The brain has 86 _____ neurons
billion (they communicate with neurotransmitters)
Action potential is
An electrical discharge along the axon
Action potential cause
vesicles to empty their neurotransmitters into the synapse
Monoamines
dopamine
norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine
regulate attention, concentration, pleasure, energy, motivation, mood and muscle movement
Noreprinephrine regulates
mood, alertness, concentration, and energy (helps depression or ADHD)
Serotonin regulates
mood, anxiety , sexual desires and appetite
Other neurotransmitters: Glutamate is the ______ pedal
gas
GABA is the ______ pedal
brake
Acetylcholine regulate
attention and memory (helpful for Alzheimer or parkinson)
Major ways to terminate the signal
- Diffusion (float away into cerebrospinal fluid)
- Enzymatic degradation (enzymes end with ase)
- reuptake (pumps in the presynaptic terminal recycle)
Major symptoms of ADHD
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine decrease ______ symptoms
ADHD
CNS stimulants meds:
Methylphenidate
amphetamine
lisdexamfetamine
CNS stimulants are prescribed for _______ and _______
ADHD and narcolepsy
CNS stimulants block the reuptake of _______ and _____
dopamine and norepinephrine
CNS Stimulant cause
addiction
anorexia
awakeness
arrhythmias
Other ADHD Med: ACG
atomoxetine
clonidine
guanfacine
Atomoxetine
- Technically an antidepressant but its only indication is ADHD
- Non-stimulant and not as effective
- cause appetite loss and growth suppression
- Cause suicidal ideation
- hepatoxicity (rare complication)
Clonidine and guanfacine are _________
antihypertensive
Clonidine is used for opioid withdrawal and nerve pain
