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Pharmacology ex.1 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Polypharmacy

A

more than one medicine

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2
Q

Adverse Drug Reaction in 65 yrs old

A
  1. Drug interactions
  2. Liver and kidney decline
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3
Q

Albumin

A
  1. large binding protein molecule
  2. Inactivate drug molecules once stuck
  3. Albumin decreases in older adults
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4
Q

Pharmacokinetic Factors in Pregnant Women

A
  1. Nausea and vomiting
  2. liver and kidney function increases (need to increase doses)
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5
Q

Teratogens

A

Medications that are harmful to the fetus.
Contraindicated in pregnant women
Cause defects 10% of the time

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6
Q

FDA medication categories

A

A: Good meds
B: Meds that are safe in animal studies
C: Meds that produced adverse effects
D: Meds that caused problems during pregnancy
X: Meds that caused serious problems and must be avoided

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7
Q

What vaccine must pregnant women avoid

A

Live virus vaccine

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8
Q

80% of drugs removed from market effected _________

A

Women

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9
Q

Women metabolize _______

A

Slower

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10
Q

_______ of pharmaceutical drugs come from nature

A

30%

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11
Q

Difference between herbals and regular medication:

A
  1. variation and purity
  2. efficacy
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12
Q

3 ways herbal and supplements interact

A
  1. Herbals and supplements have same effect as med causing the effect to be too strong.
  2. H&S have opposing effects on meds
  3. H&S are metabolized be the same enzyme causing drug level to be too high or low.
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13
Q

Black cohosh reduce ________

A

menopause

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14
Q

Echinacea stimulates __________

A

the immune system

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15
Q

Feverfew helps reduce __________

A

migraines

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16
Q

Garlic can lower blood _______

A

pressure

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17
Q

Ginger root help relieve __________

A

nausea

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18
Q

Gingko Biloba protects against _______

A

Alzheimer’s disease
Risk: bleeding (same risk as the others)

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19
Q

Glucosamine can help ________

A

osteoarthritis

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20
Q

Kava helps reduce ________

A

Anxiety

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21
Q

Saw palmetto may help reduce _________

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

22
Q

St. John’s Wort helps treat ________

A

mild depression

23
Q

Valerian can help treat _________

A

insomnia

24
Q

Adverse effect

A

Any extra effect that you do not wish to happen (side affects are milder)

25
Q

Contraindications

A

Drugs that a client should avoid

26
Q

Precautions

A

these warn you that an client is at a higher risk of experiencing adverse effects (less serious than contraindications)

27
Q

Medicines that are tricky to get in a therapeutic index has a _______ range

A

narrow

28
Q

CNS depressants are like a ______ pedal

A

brake

29
Q

Its best to take CNS depressant at _______

A

bedtime

30
Q

CNS stimulant press on the _______ pedal

A

gas

31
Q

CNS stimulants cause:

A

anxiety, irritability, insomnia and seizure

32
Q

CNS stimulant should be taken in the ________

A

morning

33
Q

Pyramidal nuerons initiate ___________

A

muscle movement

34
Q

Extrapyramidal nuerons stimulate _____

A

involuntary muscle movement and tone

35
Q

The four EPSs:

A

Acute dystonia
akathisia
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia

36
Q

Acute dystonia

A

sudden severe spasm of large muscle groups

37
Q

Akathsia

A

Constant squirming, and inability to sit

38
Q

Parkinsonism

A
  1. Similar to parkinson’s but caused by drug
  2. Shows slow movement, loss of facial expression, drooling, rigidity, tremors, stooped posture, shuffling gait.
39
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A
  1. Occurs late in treatment (greater than 6mo
  2. abnormal movement of mouth, tongue, facial grimacing, twisting movements of the extremities and trunk.
40
Q

Cholinergic meds activate the ___________ system

A

parasympathetic

41
Q

Anticholinergic meds interfere with the __________ system

A

parasympathetic (rest and digest)

42
Q

Anticholinergic side effects

A

Can’t see
Can’t spit
Can’t pee
Can’t defecate

43
Q

How to alleviate orthostatic hypotension (downward blood flow)

A
  1. Change positions slowly
  2. Drink plenty of water
  3. Wear support hoses
44
Q

torsades de pointes

A

abnormal heart rhythm (twisting of the points)
leads to ventricular fibrillation

45
Q

Gastrointestinal effects

A
  1. Upset stomach (NSAIDS)
  2. Constipation (opioids)
46
Q

Neutropenia - a loss of _____ blood cells

A

white

47
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

a loss of platelets

48
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

A premature loss of red blood cells

49
Q

Liver failure lab tests

A
  1. ASE
  2. ALT
50
Q

Liver failure signs

A

Jaundice
anorexia
upper abdominal pain
nausea, vomiting and diaherra
dark urine
insomnia
clay colored stool
ecchymosis

51
Q

Kidney Lab Test

A

BUN
creatinine

52
Q

Most likely drug that cause anaphylaxis

A

penicillin

Pharmacology ex.1 (6 decks)

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