week 3 Flashcards
people adapt and change their behaviour by the ______ roles they play
social
every social role has different ___-____
social norms
social role
role that is expected in certain situations
social norms
underlying rules and expectation in a particular role
Social psychology
studies the influence of social variables on individual behaviour and social interactions
-studies behaviour between individuals
Conformity
adapting your behaviour or opinion to that of the group
conformity is necessary because a lot of norms are not immediately clear, but not following them can be disruptive
Study Asch (conformity)
when a group of people(confederates) clearly chooses a wrong answer, 33% of the individuals follow that opinion (75% on at least one trial)
factors that influence conformity
-unanimity, size of group, in public or not, self-esteem, power of an ally
Obedience
is the change of an individual’s behaviour to comply with a demand by an authority figure.
(often concerned with consequences if they don’t comply)
Milgram’s shock experiment (obedience)
65% op participants gave the highest level of shocks. showed that ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being.
higher obedience when:
-you see equals comply, anonymity(distance between teacher and student), presence of an authority figure, higher status authority
Stanford prison experiment
students took part in an experiment where they were put in an artificial prison environment, some students were guards and others were prisoners.
2/3 of the guards became hostile, sadistic and cruel. nearly all prisoners became powerless passive victims. all students experienced changes in their personalities/behaviour. on day 6 it was shut down
The bystander effect
in an emergency situation people take less action when there are more people present (maybe because of diffusion of responsibility)
System approach
People are sensitive to the contexts/environment
-In many cases you need the clients environment (family, network, school, community, culture) to help them
system
a unit that is organized is a specific way, in which the parts are interrelated.
always oriented towards a shared goal
e.g. a car, our body, school, family
-in every (sub)system relations are shaped differently e.g. supermarket, peer group, school
every system has its own specific behavioural rules, values and norms.
principles of the system approach:
- we are part of multiple systems
- the context in which problems develop should be taken into account
- there is mutually influencing behaviour between persons and systems
- instead of A causes B (linear causality), there is no ‘cause’ or ‘effect’ of a problem, nor a beginning or and ‘end’(circular causality)
change in one part of the system, changes the system:
- in other parts
- in the whole system
5 stages of group dynamics and team development.(Tuckman)
forming storming norming performing adjourning
