week 1 Flashcards
Structuralism (scientific approach)
approach who wanted to explore the basic structures of the mind, thoughts, feelings, attention etc.
method: introspection.
(unreliable)
Functionalism (scientific approach)
approach focused on the purpose of consciousness and behaviour
also introspection
Aim structuralism vs functionalism
structuralism wants to understand every element while functionalism aims to understand how all these parts work together.
second is more effective
psychodynamic (psych app.)
Freud- behaviour and personality are strongly influenced by the unconsciousness
- contains impulses and repressed experiences/memories.
- methods: free association and dream analysis
behaviourism (psych app.)
only behaviour which you can measure/is visible/you can experiment with is relevant. not the internal state. Basic assumptions: people are a black box/people are blank pages. aim of psychology is to use psychological knowledge to influence human behaviour. human behaviour is determined by learning processes(conditioning)
Humanistic (psych app.)
focus became the uniqueness of humans, and how people can develop and grow into healthy individuals.
Developmental (psych app.)
studies the psychological changes during your lifespan
social cultural/systemic (psych app.)
social influences on behaviour and mental processes, How do people function in groups, Cultural differences
character, traits and temperament (psych app.)
behaviour and personality is the result of fundamental characteristics.
cognitive (psych app.)
study of what goes on in your head(cannot measure/see), thoughts/learning/memory. We are an information processing being. behaviour is influenced by understanding/knowledge/beliefs/convictions/memory, in other words: your cognitions. Cognitive therapy: influencing your cognitions as a way of changing your behaviour.
Biological/neurological (psych app.)
behaviour is caused by your genes, brain, hormones, nervous system, neurotransmitters. (the currently most accepted approach)
