Week 225 - Dermatology Flashcards
What is atopic eczema?
Dermatitis -skin inflammation.
Inherited hypersensitivity reaction to environmental allergens
Where does eczema typically effect?
Skin creases / flexure surfaces
Hands and face in young children
What is the atopic triad?
Atopic eczema, atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis/hayfever
How would you treat moderate eczema according to NICE Guidelines? Give 4 options
Emollients
Moderate potency topical corticosteroids
Topical calcineurin inhibitors
Bandages
How would you treat severe eczema according to NICE Guidelines?
Give options
Emollients Potent topical corticosteroids Topical calcineurin inhibitors Bandages Phototherapy Systemic therapy - immunosuppressants (cyclosporin/Azathioprine)
Give an example of four different strength topical corticosteroids from mild to very potent
Hydrocortisone (mild)
Eumotave (mod)
Betnovate (potent)
Dermovate (v potent)
If a known atopic eczema suffering child presents with a golden crusting rash around their nose and mouth what complication should you be aware of?
Eczema herpeticum - (secondary viral infection) - herpes simplex infection spreads rapidly
How should eczema herpeticum be treated?
With systemic aciclovir (antivirals) for 5 days
If a child known to suffer from atopic eczema presents with a pearly, umbilicated, papular rash what likely condition have the contracted as a complication of eczema?
Molluscum contagiosum (secondary viral infection)
Where does the herpes simplex virus lay dormant?
In the dorsal root ganglion
How does measles present?
Fever, coryza, cough and conjunctivitis all common
Koplik spots in first 2-3 days
Maculo-papular rash starts at head and rapidly spreads all over
What does the varicella-zoster virus cause?
Chicken pox and shingles
How does chicken pox present?
Febrile illness
Crops of vesicles
May scar
What is the incubation period for chicken pox?
2weeks
To what extent is chicken pox Contagious?
Until it crusts
How does rubella present?
Widespread maculo-papular rash
Usually mild - slight fever, sore throat
Tender lymph nodes - occipital and postauricular
What organism causes fifth disease / “slap cheek” ?
Parovirus B19
What is Fifth Disease otherwise known as and how does it present?
“slap cheek” - this appearance being the first sign usually
Mild illness
Glove and stocking distribution rash
How does hand, foot and mouth disease present and what organism causes it?
Coxsackie A (enterovirus)
Small flat blisters on hands and feet
Mouth ulcers
Often in summer
What treatment is used for both scabies and headlice?
Permethrin cream 5%
Want makes scabies recognisable and how is it spread?
Burrow tracks under skin Physical contact (family must be treated to prevent reinfestation)
Name 3 types of acne
Mild - comedonal
Papules and nodules
Nodulocystic
What are comedones and how are they differentiated?
Dilated hair follicles filled with skin debris, sebum (oil) and bacteria
Open = blackheads
Closed = whiteheads
Name 3 topical treatments for acne
Benzoyl peroxide
Retinoids
Antibiotics
