Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine Year 2 > Week 203 - Puberty and Adolescence > Flashcards

Week 203 - Puberty and Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

How is the start of puberty characterised in boys?

A

Growth of the testicles to a volume of ~4ml (>3.5ml)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the start of puberty characterised in girls?

A

Appearance of a palpable breast bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is considered the concordant development of secondary sexual characteristics in boys?

A

Testicular enlargement > penile growth > pubic hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is considered the concordant development of secondary sexual characteristics in girls?

A

Breast bud > pubic hair > menarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is considered early puberty for boys and girls?

A

Before 8yrs for girls and before 9yrs for boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common cause of early puberty in girls?

A

Idiopathic

Often the mother will have started early too - more common in Afro-Caribbean and mixed-race individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which pituitary hormone is responsible for testicular and ovarian enlargement?

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why might you want to check thyroid function on a boy or girl experiencing early puberty?

A

Rarely, hypothyroidism may be the cause. Elevated TSH can mimic FSH and cause testicular / ovarian enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a girl <6yrs or a boy presents with central precocious puberty what investigation should you undertake?

A

MRI - hypothalamus, pituitary, brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of central precocious puberty in both sexes?

A

Tumours around the pituitary stalk and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the aim of treatment (should it be required) for central precocious puberty?

A

Suppression of GnRH pulsatility by use of long-acting GnRH analogues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If you found high levels of androgens in a boy but low levels of LH and FSH what further tests might you perform?

A
  • hCG levels
  • AFP (tumour marker) levels
  • cranial MRI
  • CT/USS (to detect / rule out possibility of tumour)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hCG is typically released from tumours in which areas?

A

1) pineal gland 2) liver 3) testicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is thelarche?

A

Isolated breast development in otherwise well children. It is non-progressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What findings are likely on an ovarian USS in an individual with McCune-Albright syndrome

A

Ovarian cysts (oestrogen producing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should girls (family of) diagnosed with premature adrenarche be warned about?

A

The fact that some may go on to develop PCOS, especially if they gain excessive weight through puberty

17
Q

What does adrenarche describe?

A

The normal maturation of the adrenal glands that leads androgen secretion

18
Q

What are the signs of premature adrenarche?

A

Pubic hair, mild acne, greasy hair, body odour and mood swings

19
Q

In delayed puberty what does hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism indicate?

A

Primary gonadal failure (e.g. menopausal)

20
Q

In delayed puberty what does hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism indicate?

A

Central disorders

21
Q

What are the principle long-term treatments for girls with simple delayed puberty?

A

low dose oestrogen increased gradually over 2-3 yrs with added progesterone for menstruation

22
Q

What is the treatment used for girls with sparse pubic hair growth from failure of adrenarche?

A

Topical or injected testosterone or DHEA

23
Q

What are the two predominant steroid sex hormones necessary in adolescent development?

A

Testosterone and oestradiol

24
Q

What staging process is used to track pubertal development in adolescents?

A

Tanner Staging

25
Q

What is the peak height velocity in boys and girls?

A

G - 12yrs B - 14yrs

26
Q

What is central precocious puberty?

A

Early puberty caused by activation of hypothalamus (hypothalamic-pituitary dependent). High levels of LH and FSH

27
Q

What is peripheral / precocious pseudopuberty?

A

Early pseudopuberty stimulated by abnormal sex steroid (androgen) secretion by adrenal hyperplasia, tumours or exogenous means. Independent of hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Low levels of LH and FSH

28
Q

Precocious puberty in females is usually due to what?

A

Premature onset of normal puberty

29
Q

Central precocious puberty in males is usually indicative of what?

A

Organic cause / underlying pathology

30
Q

What investigation is most helpful in establishing the cause of precocious puberty in girls?

A

Pelvic USS

31
Q

In premature onset of normal puberty in females what will you see on a pelvic USS?

A

Multicystic ovaries and an enlarging uterus

32
Q

What investigation should take place in a male with precocious puberty?

A

Cranial MRI scan for intracranial tumours

33
Q

What does precocious puberty in a male with small testes suggest?

A

An adrenal cause as LH and FSH would induce testicular growth but androgen secretion will not

Medicine Year 2 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions