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9610 Anatomy > Week 2.1 > Flashcards

Week 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things make up the bony thorax?

A

Sternum, ribs

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2
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A

Vertebral column

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3
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Pectoral and pelvic girdle

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4
Q

List the 5 divisions of the axial skeleton, how many vertebra and the shape

A 
Cervical (7) -concave
Thoracic (12) -convex
Lumbar (5) -concave 
sacral (5 fused) -convex
Coccygeal (3-4 fused) -convex
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5
Q

What is the posterior and anterior aspect of each vertebrae?

A

Spinous process = posterior

Body/corpus-anterior

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6
Q

What does the vertebral foreman house?

A

Spinal cord

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7
Q

List the 7 features of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae

A

Body
Vertebral foreman
Transverse process
(C = Transverse foramina, T = superior, inferior, transverse costal facets)
Spinous process
Superior and inferior articular facets
Intervertebral foramina (entrance/exit for spinal nerves at the thoracic level - just pass through cervical)

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8
Q

What is unique about the transverse processes in the cervical vertebrae?

A

They contain transverse foramina for vertebral arteries to pass

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9
Q

Which vertebrae has the largest vertebral foramen?

A

Cervical… triangular shape. C1 is the largest

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10
Q

Why are the superior and inferior facets called the lock and key?

A

Because they are contactable surfaces for adjacent vertebrae

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11
Q

____ C3 fits with ____ C4. This becomes ___ for spinal nerves to pass through

A

Inferior; superior

Becomes the intervertebral foramina for the spinal nerves to pass through

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12
Q

C1 is to ___ as C2 is to ___

A

Atlas; axis

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13
Q

What is unique about the C1?

A

It has no body (corpus) and no spinous process

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14
Q

Purpose of the superior articular facets of the C1

A
  • Support occipital condyles of skull

- Flexion and extension of the head (yes movement)

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15
Q

What does the large vertebral foramen of the C1 accomodate?

A

Dens/odontoid process of axis

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16
Q

What are the body and spinous process of the C1 reduced to?

A

Anterior tubercle (locks with C2) and posterior tubercle

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17
Q

How does the dens of the C2 project from the body? (directionally) and what movement does it permit?

A

Superiorly; ‘no’ movement

NOTE: odontoid means “toothlike” - toothlike projection goes UP (hence superiorly)

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18
Q

Superior articular facet of the C2 accommodate ___

A

C1

19
Q

What is different about the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

-Contain superior, inferior, and transverse costal facets

HENCE no transverse foramina for arteries like in cervical

20
Q

What is the purpose of the superior, inferior, and transverse processes on thoracic vertebrae?

A

Posterior points of attachment for the ribs

21
Q

The lumbar vertebrae is the attachment site for ___ and other muscle of the ___ and ___

A

Diaphragm, other muscles of the abdomen and back

22
Q

Which are the largest and strongest of the vertebra?

A

Lumbar - carrying the weight…

-Hence kidney-shaped body

23
Q

Which 2 components make up the pectoral girdle of the appendicular skeleton?

A

Scapula and clavicle

24
Q

The ___ is the only skeletal/axial point of attachment

A

Sternum

25
Q

The pectoral girdle is the attachment site for the ___

A

Humerus

26
Q

The clavicle articulates with the ___ and the ____ articulates with the clavicle

A

Sternum; scapula

27
Q

List the 4 components of the pelvic girdle

A

Ilium, pubic bone, ischium, sacrum

28
Q

The sternum and ribs are essential for…

A

Breathing for life and breathing for speech

29
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, corpus, xiphoid (ensiform) process

30
Q

The manubrium is the site of attachment for the __ and ___

A

Clavicle; 1st rib

31
Q

What type of cartilage is the xiphoid process?

A

Hyaline

32
Q

At what vertebral level is the suprasternal notch of the sternum located?

A

T2-T3

33
Q

What is the purpose of the sternum’s manubrosternal angle?

A
  • Fibrocartilage

- Hinge for breathing

34
Q

Which ribs directly attach to the sternum?

A

True

35
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there and how are they classified?

A
  • 12 pairs
  • 1-7 are TRUE ribs
  • 8-10 are FALSE ribs
  • 11-12 are FLOATING ribs - no attachment to sternum
36
Q

Where are the ribs the smallest and largest?

A

Smallest superiorly and inferiorly, largest in the middle

37
Q

How do the ribs run from the vertebral column?

A

Anteroinferiorly (forwards and downwards)

38
Q

At what point do the ribs curve and why is this curve advantageous?

A

Angle of rib; Allows the body to move up and out when we breathe and relax during exhalation

39
Q

Which part of the rib attaches to the vertebrae, and which vertebrae does it attach to?

A

Head and tubercle of the rib articulates with the thoracic vertebrae

40
Q

Which direction is the head of the rib positioned in the body?

A

Posteriorly

41
Q

Which part of the true ribs articulates with the sternum and how?

A

Chondral end via costal cartilage

42
Q

Where do the ribs attach on the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Superior, inferior, and transverse costal facets

43
Q

Which specific thoracic vertebrae (number) does each rib attach to?

A
  • Rib 1 and T1 only
  • Rib 2-9 with corresponding Tnumber and one above (ie) rib 2 with T2 and T1)
  • Rib 10-12 with only the same number (one facet)
44
Q

What is the main similarity and difference between the true and false ribs?

A

-Similarity: both articulate directly with thoracic vertebrae
DIFF:
-Chondral end of true ribs (1-7) directly attach to sternum
-Chondral end of the false ribs (8-10) runs superiorly to sternum and attaches to the ribs above

9610 Anatomy (6 decks)

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