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9610 Anatomy > Week 1.2/1.3 > Flashcards

Week 1.2/1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic types of tissues ?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

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2
Q

Which tissue covers the body surfaces and lines passages and cavities?

A

Epithelial

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3
Q

This tissue has little extracellular substance and no blood vessels

A

Epithelial

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4
Q

What are the 3 main types/shapes of epithelial tissue?

A

Cuboidal, squamous, pseudostratified

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5
Q

Epithelial layers can be ____ or _____

A

Simple (single layer) or stratified (multiple layers)

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6
Q

Which tissue is considered to be the glue’ of the body?

A

Connective tissue.

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7
Q

What is connective tissue comprised of?

A

Cells and fibrous matrix

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8
Q

Connective tissue can be tense or loose. What does this mean?

A 
Dense = tightly packed fibres...resist tension and less ground substance
Loose = fewer fibres and more ground substance
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9
Q

4 examples of dense ct

A

Tendons, aponeurosis, ligaments, fascia

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10
Q

2 examples of loose ct

A

Areolar (bed for skin, adipose (fat storing cells).

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11
Q

When fibres are in parallel rows, they are said to be

A

Regular

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12
Q

Name the 3 types of specialized connective tissue

A

Blood, cartilage, bone

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13
Q

Blood cells are called

A

Erythrocytes

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14
Q

What consistency is the blood’s matrix?

A

Serum

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15
Q

Leukocytes are found in

A

Blood (B cells and T cells that are part of immune system)

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16
Q

Cells in the cartilage are called

A

Chondrocytes

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17
Q

Consistency of cartilage matrix

A

Gelatinous

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18
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, fibrous, elastic

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19
Q

Most abundant cartilage found in riblage, larynx and nose

A

Hyaline

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20
Q

Most flexible cartilage in outer ear and epiglottis

A

Elastic

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21
Q

Thick parallel bundles Of cartilage in intervertebral discs

A

Fibrous (tough, inflexible,and resistant to compression… Shock absorber)

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22
Q

Name of bone cells

A

Osteocytes

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23
Q

Bone matrix

A

Dense bone matrix

24
Q

Muscle tissue is formed by

A

Muscle cells or fibres that come together

25
Q

An important property of muscle tissue is

A

Contractility

26
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Striated, smooth, cardiac

27
Q

Striated, or _ muscle, is under what kind of control?

A

Skeletal; voluntary

Note; skeletal muscle is the only one under voluntary control

28
Q

Which type of muscle constitutes the muscular portion of visceral organs and blood vessels?

A

Smooth

29
Q

Smooth: voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary

30
Q

Walls of the heart contain which muscle

A

Cardiac

31
Q

Is the cardiac muscle striated?

A

Yes

32
Q

Which muscle tissues are modulated by neural Activity and hormones?

A

Cardiac and smooth (involuntary control)

33
Q

2 types of cells in nervous tissue

A

Neurons (nerve cells) and glial cells (supporting cells)

34
Q

What are the 2 ways to transmit information in nervous tissue?

A

Electrical (action potentials) and chemical (neurotransmitters)

35
Q

Functional unit comprised of 2 or more types of tissue

A

Organ

36
Q

Functional unit combination of one or more organs

A

System

37
Q

Multiple systems functioning together

A

Process (put systems together for a specific purpose)

38
Q

Where are the cell bodies of neurons?

A

CNS

39
Q

Ganglia aggregate of cell bodies are in

A

PNS

40
Q

Which system is involved in carrying signals to and from the CNS?

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves from the PNS

41
Q

Organization of motor neurons in cranial nerve

A

Upper and lower motor neuron

42
Q

Organization of sensory neurons in Cranial nerve

A

Primary nerve, secondary nerve, tertiary nerve

43
Q

Where does the impulse to activate a muscle arise?

A

Motor strip of the cerebral cortex

44
Q

Where does the cell body of the upper motor neuron lay?

A

Starts in the motor cortex

45
Q

Where is the motor nucleus of the upper motor neuron?

A

Brainstem

46
Q

List the 3 main points in the upper motor neuron pathway (where is cell body, where does axon lead to/what is located here)

A

Cell body in motor cortex
Axon extends to brainstem where the motor nucleus is located
Lower motor neuron then takes over

47
Q

Most cranial nerves provide what type of innovation?

A

Bilateral (both sides)

48
Q

Describe the pathway of lower motor neurons

A

Cell body is in the brainstem nucleus associated with nerve

Axon extends to and innervantes muscle fibres

49
Q

Explain general pathway of a motor neuron

A

UPPER - cell body in motor cortex and axon extends to the brainstem (nucleus is here)
LOWER - motor cell body in brainstem is associated with the nerve and then innervates muscle fibre respective

50
Q

The CNS is the ____ and ____ and the PNS is the ____ and ___

A

Brain and spinal cord; cranial nerves and spinal nerves

51
Q

The respiratory system is controlled by ___ nerves, otherwise everything else is pretty much controlled by ____ nerves

A

Spinal; cranial

52
Q

2 divisions of the PNS

A

Sensory (afferent) Division

Motor (efferent) Division

53
Q

The sensory (afferent) division transmits sensory information from ___ to _____

A

Periphery TO CNS

54
Q

The motor (efferent) division transmits motor commands from ____ to ____

A

CNS TO Periphery

55
Q

2 types of pathways from the motor (efferent) division

A

Somatic (voluntary control skeletal muscle)

Autonomic (involuntary control smooth and cardiac muscle)

56
Q

2 responses of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic (excitatory)

Parasympathetic (inhibitory)

57
Q

Nuclei aggregate in the cell bodies of the ____ VS ganglia aggregate in the ____

A

CNS;PNS

9610 Anatomy (6 decks)

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