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Integumentary > Week 2: Wound Healing (Ch 2) > Flashcards

Week 2: Wound Healing (Ch 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 phases of healing?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Proliferation
  3. Maturation and Remodeling
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2
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A 
Swelling (Tumor)
Redness (Rubor)
Warmth (Calor)
Pain (Dolor)
Decreased Function (Functio Laesa)
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3
Q

What happens in the first vascular response?

A
  • transudate produces localized edema
  • blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss
  • platelet aggregation
  • activated platelets release chemical mediators
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4
Q

Which chemical mediators do activated platelets release and what do they do?

A

Cytokines: signal proteins
Growth Factors: cell growth and differentiation
Chemotactic Agents: attract cells for wound repair

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5
Q

What happens in the second vascular response?

A

Vasodilation within 30 minutes of injury, exudate formation, histimine release, and prostaglandin release

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6
Q

What does histamine release do?

A

increased vessel wall permeability, short term vasodilation

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7
Q

What does prostaglandin release do?

A

long term vasodilation

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8
Q

What cells are involved in the cellular response of inflammation?

A

platelets, PMNs, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells

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9
Q

What are the main stages of Inflammation?

A

Vascular responses 1 and 2

Cellular response

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10
Q

What are the first white blood cells to reach the site of injury? What do they do?

A

Polymorphic Neutrophils

Diapedesis, Margination, and Chemotaxis

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11
Q

Which cells are very specific in their activity?

A

OMNs

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12
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

enhance inflammatory processes, clean up

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13
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

enhance inflammatory processes

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14
Q

What are the main stages of the Proliferation phase?

A

Angiogenesis
Granulation Tissue formation
Wound contraction
Epithelialization

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15
Q

Which phase of proliferation do angioblasts act in? What do they do?

A

Angiogenesis

forms new blood vessels

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16
Q

Which phase of proliferation do fibroblasts act in? What do fibroblasts do?

A

Granulation tissue formation

Builds granulation tissue

17
Q

Which phase of proliferation do myofibroblasts act in?

A

Wound contraction

18
Q

Which phase of Proliferation do keratinocytes act in?

A

Epithelialization

19
Q

Which cells act in granulation tissue formation?

A

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), integrins

20
Q

What happens during the maturation and remodeling phase of healing?

A
  • New collagen synthesis
  • Old collagen broken down by collagenases
  • Reorientation of collagen fibers
21
Q

How long might maturation and remodeling continue?

A

up to 2 years after wound closure

22
Q

What is it called when the edges of the wound can be physically approximated?

A

Primary closure

23
Q

What is it called when granulation tissue must be produced to full the wound defect before epithelialization and wound closure can occur?

A

Secondary closure

24
Q

How long should it take a wound to close by primary closure?

A

1-14 days

25
Q

How long does it take a wound to heal by secondary closure?

A 
acute = within 2 weeks
chronic = within 30 days
26
Q

What happens in delayed primary closure (tertiary)?

A

wound is cleaned and observed for signs of infections… typically kept open with a wound vac for some reason… then closed with sutures and should heal within 1-2 weeks of suturing

27
Q

What can cause chronic wounds?

A
  • senescent cells
  • higher levels of MMPs
  • lower levels of TIMPs
  • greater numbers of inflammatory cytokines and chronic wound cells
  • arrested curent of injury
28
Q

What can cause chronic inflammation?

A
  • presence of foreign body in wound bed
  • repetitive mechanical trauma
  • cytotoxic agents
29
Q

What else is abnormal when it comes to wound healing?

A

absence of inflammation, hypertrophic scarring, keloids, contractures, dehiscence

30
Q

What can cause hypogranulation or nonadvancing wound edge?

A

hypogranular wound, epibole

Integumentary (12 decks)

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